Lancet:专家呼吁采取紧急行动,到2030年减少女性心血管疾病的全球负担

2021-05-17 Sunny MedSci原创

柳叶刀妇女与心血管疾病委员会概述了10项建议,以改善全球数百万妇女的健康状况并实现设定的全球目标。

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近期,柳叶刀妇女与心血管疾病委员会概述了10项建议,以改善全球数百万妇女的健康状况并实现设定的全球目标。

在有关女性心血管疾病(CVD)的全球首份报告中,研究人员呼吁采取紧急行动,以改善护理和预防,填补知识空白并提高认识,以解决全球妇女死亡的主要原因。由女性主导的委员会报告已在《柳叶刀》杂志上发表,并在美国心脏病学会第70届年度科学会议(ACC.21)的全体会议上发表。

《柳叶刀妇女与心血管疾病委员会:到2030年减少全球负担》是由来自11个国家的17位顶尖专家撰写的。该委员会旨在帮助减少心血管疾病--包括心脏病和中风--的全球负担,这些疾病在2030年前占全球女性死亡人数的35%。委员会呼吁紧急处理和减少妇女的心血管疾病,这与联合国可持续发展目标(SDG)一致,该目标旨在到2030年将包括心血管疾病在内的非传染性疾病导致的过早死亡减少三分之一。该委员会旨在帮助减轻心血管疾病(包括心脏病和中风)的全球负担,到2030年,心血管疾病占全世界女性死亡的35%。委员会呼吁紧急解决和减少女性的CVD,这符合联合国可持续发展目标(SDG),旨在到2030年将非传染性疾病(包括CVD)导致的过早死亡减少三分之一。

作者提出了10项建议,以解决诊断、治疗和预防方面的不平等问题,以减少妇女的心血管疾病,包括教育保健提供者和病人进行早期检测,以预防妇女的心脏病;在人口密集和不发达地区扩大心脏健康计划;以及优先考虑针对妇女心脏病和干预战略的性别研究。

美国西奈山医疗中心的Roxana Mehran教授说:"在全球范围内,女性心血管疾病仍然没有得到充分的研究、认识不足、诊断不足和治疗不足。要实现联合国设定的重要目标,需要采取大胆、独特的战略,不仅要针对导致心血管疾病的因素,还要确定女性的特定生物机制。永久性地改善全球女性心血管疾病患者的护理,需要政策制定者、临床医生、研究人员和更广泛的社区参与的协调努力和伙伴关系"。

女性心血管疾病的全球负担

委员们首次报告了2019年全球疾病负担研究的数据,描述了全球女性心血管疾病的程度,包括疾病的流行率、死亡率和风险因素。

女性心血管疾病的全球负担

2019年,全球约有2.75亿女性患有CVD,全球年龄标准化患病率估计为每10万人中有6402例。2019年,全世界CVD死亡的主要原因是缺血性心脏病(占CVD死亡的47%),其次是中风(占CVD死亡的36%)。CVD的地域差异很大,埃及、伊朗、伊拉克、利比亚、摩洛哥和阿拉伯联合酋长国的年龄标准化患病率最高,而患病率最低的国家是玻利维亚、秘鲁、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和委内瑞拉。

尽管在全球范围内,女性心血管疾病的发病率一直在下降,自1990年以来总体下降了4.3%,但世界上一些人口最多的国家的心血管疾病却在增加,包括中国(增加10%)、印度尼西亚(7%)和印度(3%)。这些增长表明,有必要在生活在人口密集和工业化地区的妇女中扩大预防、诊断和治疗心血管疾病的举措。

CVD死亡率最高的是中亚,东欧,北非以及中东,大洋洲和中撒哈拉以南非洲,这些地区的年龄标准化死亡率超过每10万名妇女300人。高收入的亚太地区、澳大拉西亚、西欧、安第斯拉美和高收入的北美洲记录了最低的比率,每10万名妇女的死亡人数少于130。重要区域趋势的证据突出表明,需要在地方和区域层面改善数据收集,以有效预防、识别和治疗妇女的心血管疾病。

女性的CVD危险因素

高血压是导致妇女因心血管疾病而丧失生命年数的最大风险因素,其次是高体重指数和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。虽然这些公认的风险因素对女性的影响可能与男性不同,但还有一些性别特有的风险因素,如过早绝经和与怀孕有关的疾病,这些因素必须得到更广泛的承认,并作为全球治疗和预防工作的一部分予以优先考虑。

委员们强调,一些未被充分认识的心血管疾病风险因素也需要关注。这些因素包括与焦虑和抑郁有关的社会因素(如失业),以及基于社会经济和文化地位、种族和贫困的差异。他们的建议包括在临床实践中更加关注心理健康,以及有针对性的政策工作,以支持发达国家和新兴国家的低社会经济地位的人口。

女性心血管风险因素

美国Cedars-Sinai医学中心的Bairey Merz教授说:“虽然女性和男性的一些心血管疾病风险因素相似,但由于文化、政治或社会经济因素,女性更可能遭受健康方面的差异。例如,某些社会或宗教规范(例如,限制参加体育和体育活动)会导致女性患心血管疾病,这突出表明迫切需要采取适合不同地区和人群的文化上的举措。”

委员会还强调,需要提高医生、科学家和保健提供者对女性心血管疾病风险的认识,而且对包括特定性别风险因素的心血管疾病预测模型的需求尚未得到满足。

迫切需要有针对性的干预措施

应当针对全球最脆弱的人群量身定制减少CVD的干预措施,包括少数民族或土著人口中的妇女以及传统或宗教规范中对社会角色有严格定义的妇女。然而,同样重要的是要覆盖通常不被视为高风险的群体,如年轻女性--这一群体的心脏病发作和吸烟率正在增加。在过去十年中,195个国家和地区中有53个(27%)记录了男性吸烟率的大幅下降,而只有32个(16%)记录了女性吸烟率的大幅下降。

尽管迫切需要了解有关最佳治疗中性别相关差异的知识以及男女患者改善结局的方法,但长期以来在CVD临床试验中,女性的代表性不足。专员们建议采取多种战略,使更多的妇女参与进来,包括解决参与障碍(例如家庭护理问题),采用更具包容性的入学标准,并向招聘人员教育使妇女参与试验的重要性。

降低心血管事件中的女性比例的干预措施

南非红十字儿童医院和Groote Schuur医院以及开普敦大学的Liesl Zuhlke教授说:“在社会和文化上为妇女争取更广泛的公平和平等的势头,现在正是转化为将同样的能量用于改善妇女健康的特殊时机。作为全球妇女的主要杀手,心血管疾病必须成为我们关注和行动的优先事项。本委员会的工作既是一个起点,也是一个行动号召,以动员和激励医疗保健专业人员、政策制定者和妇女本身,努力实现一个更健康的未来。”

专员承认他们的报告有一些局限性。由于这是一份旨在了解心血管疾病中与性别相关的差异的报告,而不是系统的综述,因此不能排除偏重于中性研究结果上性别相关差异的证据的偏见。报告中对性别之间重要区别的评估有限,部分原因是这些术语在文献中经常互换使用。有关变性妇女的质量数据有限,这也意味着委员会无法调查该人群的心血管健康状况。报告中提出的总体证据可能以白人妇女和发达国家的数据为主,反映了目前来自这些人群和地区的更有力的数据的可用性。需要进行更多的研究来探讨所有这些因素。

原文出处:

The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease Commission: reducing the global burden by 2030.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00684-X

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    2021-05-17 ms5000000763415338

    关注女性健康

    0

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    2021-05-17 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

拓展阅读

J Diabetes:2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病患病率与骨密度和骨折的关系

CVD的患病率与T2DM男性的骨密度水平呈负相关,尤其是在FN区域。

JACC:广州医科大学附属脑科医院团队发现,睡眠δ波紊乱可增加心血管死亡风险

这项研究结果表明,睡眠期间的δ波可能是识别心血管疾病和心血管疾病死亡高风险人群有用的指标。

Eur J Prev Cardiol:南京医科大学:载脂蛋白A水平越高,心血管死亡率越低!

该研究发现脂蛋白水平与心血管疾病和全因死亡率有关。研究结果加强了脂蛋白水平与心脏健康之间关系的证据,并为调节脂蛋白水平以促进心脏健康提供了更加清晰的思路和策略。

JAHA:妊娠期高血压疾病妇女生命中的早期死亡率、心血管和肾脏疾病情况

妊娠期高血压疾病显著增加妊娠早期死亡、心血管和肾脏事件的风险。复发、严重和早发的先兆子痫进一步增加了这种风险。

心血管及心肌标志物常用单位换算

心血管及心肌标志物常用单位换算

【今日分享】揭秘心血管&肾脏的恩怨情仇!

心血管与肾脏,两大生命系统的紧密相连,共同维护着我们的健康。面对慢病合并的复杂局面,我们更需要深入了解、共同学习。