增生性瘢痕有望采用口服或注射药剂治疗

2021-11-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

增生性疤痕是一种由皮肤损伤引起的纤维增生性疾病,多发生于外伤及烧伤后。目前的主要疗法操作复杂、疗程长、易复发,迫切需要研究阐明机制,指导临床。该研究发现USP15或为新治疗靶点。

增生性疤痕是一种由皮肤损伤引起的纤维增生性疾病,多发生于外伤及烧伤后。其表现为纤维细胞的异常增生和胶原蛋白的过度沉积。增生性疤痕常伴有疼痛、瘙痒、挛缩和畸形,影响患者的美观,造成功能障碍,对患者的身心健康产生影响。

目前的主要疗法操作复杂、疗程长、易复发,迫切需要研究阐明机制,指导临床。

有研究表明,转化生长因子(TGF)β1/Smad信号传导在增生性疤痕中起着至关重要的作用。TGFβ1/Smad的活性增加刺激成纤维细胞的增殖,导致成纤维细胞过度生产和过量沉积胶原蛋白,从而形成增生性疤痕。反之,削弱TGFβ1/Smad信号传导的活性抑制增生性疤痕的形成。

有研究表明,转化生长因子(TGF)β1/Smad信号传导在增生性疤痕中起着至关重要的作用,而USP15可以调节TGFβ1/Smad信号传导的活性,影响疾病的发展,但潜在机制不清。

作者假设USP15在体外通过去泛素化TGF-β受体I(TβRI)而上调并增强增生性疤痕来源的成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和胶原蛋白的沉积。

图1 文章来源

该研究团队从南昌大学第一附属医院整形外科收集了6名患者(3名女性和3名男性患者;年龄范围为5至41岁)的增生性疤痕和匹配的正常皮肤组织。标本被分为三部分。一部分用于苏木精和伊红染色和Masson染色,另一部分用于RNA和蛋白质提取,第三部分用于分离成纤维细胞。

结果显示,增生性疤痕的成纤维细胞数量和胶原蛋白含量增加。

图2 染色结果

苏木精和伊红染色显示,与相匹配的正常皮肤组织相比,增生性疤痕组织中真皮层的无序胶原纤维和成纤维细胞的数量都有所增加。

马松染色显示,与相匹配的正常皮肤组织相比,增生性疤痕组织中的胶原纤维分布无序,胶原含量增加。

PCR结果显示,增生性疤痕中USP15的mRNA表达水平明显上调,Western Blot同样显示USP15的蛋白表达水平在增生性疤痕中明显上调。且体外培养成功将增生性疤痕来源的成纤维细胞从增生性疤痕中体外分离出来,USP15亦可促进增生性疤痕来源的成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。

图3 USP15促进增生性疤痕来源的成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭

除此外,综合细胞计数试剂盒-8检测、划痕实验、Matrigel侵袭实验三个细胞实验,可得出成纤维细胞的生物学行为活跃度与USP15的表达量成正相关的结果。USP15敲除后显著抑制了增生性疤痕源性成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。而USP15过表达则对这三者有显著的促进作用。

USP15与TβRI相互作用,并使TβRI去泛素化以增强TGFβ1/Smad的信号传导。USP15可以增强TGFβ1/Smad信号传导。USP15敲除后显著降低了TβRI、Smad2、Smad3、α-SMA、COL1和COL3的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。相反,USP15的过表达显著增加了TβRI、Smad2、Smad3、α-SMA、COL1和COL3的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。协同免疫沉淀法确定了内源性USP15和TβRI在增生疤痕来源的成纤维细胞中的结合。

最终,作者得出结论,即USP15通过在体外对TβRI进行去泛素化,增强了增生性疤痕成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移和胶原蛋白的沉积。在这个实验中,USP15通过对增生性疤痕来源的成纤维细胞中的TβRI进行去泛素化来增加TGFβ1/Smad信号的活性,或为新治疗靶点

TGFβ1/Smad信号传导是由一对跨膜丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶受体介导的,称为TGF-β受体I(TβRI)和TβRII。在回应TGFβ1的结合时,TβRII首先发生自磷酸化,然后磷酸化TβRI,导致TβRI的激活。随后,它磷酸化并激活细胞内受体调节的Smad2和Smad3(R-Smads);然后激活的R-Smads与辅助Smad(Smad4)相互作用并进入细胞核以调节基因转录。

这些基因的表达,包括α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)胶原I(COL1)和胶原III(COL3),与肌成纤维细胞表型和纤维化的发展密切相关。

泛素-蛋白酶体途径调节细胞内蛋白质的降解,并影响信号转导。去泛素化是由去泛素化酶介导的泛素化的反向过程,在调节信号通路中起着至关重要的作用。USP15是去泛素化酶家族的重要成员。研究显示,USP15在各种疾病中表现出异常的表达,可以调节TGFβ1/Smad信号传导。

由于去泛素化酶是可药用的蛋白质,Progenra(Malvern, Pa.)和Hybrigenics(Gard, France)两家公司已经开发了去泛素化酶的抑制剂(分别为P5091和HBX41108),希望能进行抗癌治疗,开发针对USP15的药物制剂来治疗增生性疤痕将是商业上可行的。

在临床应用前,应进行安全测试,评估靶向USP15对血管、呼吸、神经系统功能的影响,以及药物的毒性,如一般毒性、遗传毒性、致癌毒性、免疫毒性等。

原始文献

Tu Longxiang,Lin Zunwen,Huang Qin et al. USP15 Enhances the Proliferation, Migration, and Collagen Deposition of Hypertrophic Scar-Derived Fibroblasts by Deubiquitinating TGF-βR1 In Vitro.[J] .Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, undefined: undefined.

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    2021-11-17 查查佳佳

    有年龄为>18岁的1型糖尿病患者接受HCLS

    0

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术后的疤痕往往会导致外观和功能问题,这可能会影响患者的生活质量。特别是传统的开放式甲状腺切除术,其切口通常沿颈前皱褶进行,会导致明显的疤痕,并经常导致社会心理上的困扰。

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尽管采用了谨慎而精确的手术技术,但全厚的手术伤口还是会造成疤痕。建议采取各种术后措施,来能尽量减少疤痕。

Lasers Med Sci:光生物调节疗法可有效防止甲状腺切除术后肥厚性疤痕的形成

甲状腺切除术后形成的疤痕被认为是一个重要的皮肤科问题,严重影响患者的美观,约31.4%的病例会发展为肥厚性疤痕。据报道,光生物调节可以减少炎症,促进伤口愈合,并治疗神经系统疾病和疼痛。

Ann Surg:脉冲染料激光联合非剥脱性点阵激光可有效改善术后疤痕

全球每年有数以百万计的皮肤手术,与手术疤痕相关的感觉或毁容情况也可能令人担忧,尤其是面部疤痕,可能会产生负面的社会心理影响。因此,需要有效和可行的治疗方法来改善手术疤痕的外观。

Nature Biotechnology:鲍哲南团队开发无线智能绷带,促进伤口愈合,还能减少疤痕

这款智能绷带由无线电路组成,使用阻抗/温度传感器来监测伤口愈合情况。

疤痕修复材料产品注册审查指导原则

国家药品监督管理局医疗器械技术审评中心 · 2022-09-15