JEADV:三维组织学与连续切片组织学治疗原发性基底细胞癌的比较

2022-03-29 医路坦克 MedSci原创

基底细胞癌(BCC)是最常见的皮肤癌症之一,手术是最有效的治疗方法,本研究的目的是调查和比较连续切片组织学和三维组织学治疗基底细胞癌的失败率和需要再手术的次数。

    基底细胞癌(BCC)是最常见的皮肤癌症之一,随着人口结构的变化和紫外线照射的增加,其发病率正在稳步上升。手术是最有效的治疗方法,因此被认为是BCC的一线治疗方法。比较局部治疗和手术切除的随机研究表明,手术方法具有明显的优越性,手术也被报道优于放射治疗,与局部治疗方法相比,手术治疗提供了切除组织的组织学检查的优势。各种组织学技术被用来处理基底细胞癌。连续切片组织学最常用于评估手术切缘,即标本被分成多个连续切片。然而,由于单个切片之间通常有1-5毫米的间隙,因此实际上只能对标本边缘和底部的碎片进行评估。

   Kimyai-Asadial等人检查了42例直径小于10 mm的基底细胞癌,切除后一期切缘为2 mm。作者证明使用4 mm间隔的连续切片组织学仅确定了44%的阳性肿瘤边缘。因此,不完全切除基底细胞癌的可能性和复发的风险在很大程度上取决于所应用的一期切除范围。

   Breuninger等人9表明当一期切除切缘为2 mm时,不完全切除的BCC比例为48%,而当一期切除距离增加到5 mm时,BCC不完全切除的比例降至18%。特别是在面部,从美容方面来说,保肤手术显然是优先考虑的。多阶段手术和显微控制手术(MCS)的使用以及对手术边缘进行精确的组织学检查,可以在完全切除肿瘤的同时获得更好的美观效果和适当的切除。Mohs技术通常基于冰冻切片(冷冻技术),能够对组织的所有边缘和基础切片进行完整的评估。德国最广泛使用的技术是三维组织学(3D-Organology),它基于石蜡固定切片,因此能够改进组织评估。3D-组织学可以很容易地与现有的常规技术相结合。为了在再次切除的情况下减少局部复发,通过组织病理学家和皮肤科医生之间的可靠沟通,组织学结果和切除后部位的正确关联也是至关重要的。在这里,这是由严格的内部标准和时钟时间确保的,以确保样品的正确识别。

    多项研究表明,3D组织学在评估皮肤上皮性肿瘤中发挥着重要作用,也有关于MCS对基底细胞癌意义的前瞻性数据,将该技术与连续切片组织学进行比较是可行的。

    我们提出了一项前瞻性、随机性、盲法评估,对所有类型和肿瘤直径达30毫米的组织学证实的基底细胞癌进行评估。本研究的目的是调查和比较连续切片组织学和三维组织学治疗基底细胞癌的失败率和需要再手术的次数。

    我们在一项前瞻性、随机、对照的盲法试验中将连续切片组织学与3D组织学进行了比较,并分析了直径达30 mm的所有亚型的569例基底细胞癌,其中3D组287例,连续切片组282例。根据肿瘤的位置和大小,采用适应的一期切除边缘进行切除。外科医生在手术时不知道将使用哪种组织学方法。两种方法均采用石蜡切片。

    两组在患者年龄、肿瘤位置、肿瘤直径、肿瘤亚型或初次切除切缘方面没有差异。在连续切除术组中,21%需要再次切除;24个肿瘤(8.4%)在中位时间2.2年后复发。在3D组织学组中,39%需要再次切除;10个肿瘤在中位数2.8年后复发(3.5%)。两组的复发率有显著差异。平均随访时间为4.5年。

    3D组织学是一种有用的技术,可以检测肿瘤在切除边缘的生长,但需要很高的再次切除率。3D组织学检查与连续切片组织学检查相比显著降低了失败率。

文献来源:Kofler L,  Breuninger H,  Schreiber RH, Three-dimensional histology vs. serial section histology in the treatment of primary basal cell carcinoma: a randomized, prospective, blinded study of 569 tumours.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Jun;35(6) 

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