Cell Stem Cell:大突破!“黑盒子”神经干细胞移植成功修复脊髓损伤!

2020-08-11 Cathy 转化医学网

导言:神经干细胞移植是将神经干细胞(neural stem cells)移植到宿主体内,使其向神经系统病变部位趋行、聚集,并存活、增殖、分化为神经元或胶质细胞,从而促进宿主缺失功能的部分恢复的一种技术

导言:神经干细胞移植是将神经干细胞(neural stem cells)移植到宿主体内,使其向神经系统病变部位趋行、聚集,并存活、增殖、分化为神经元或胶质细胞,从而促进宿主缺失功能的部分恢复的一种技术。近日,加州大学圣地亚哥分校的科学家成功将神经干细胞移植入小鼠脊髓损伤处,并揭示了其中的机制。

近年来,神经干细胞研究成为治疗神经退行性疾病和中枢神经系统损伤的热点,而长期以来,利用干细胞恢复患者因脊髓损伤(SCI)而丧失的功能,也一直是科学家和医生的雄心壮志。在美国,每年有近18,000人患上SCI,另有294,000人患有SCI并伴有某种程度的永久性麻痹或身体机能减退,例如膀胱控制困难或呼吸困难。在一项新研究中,加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校医学院的研究人员成功将高度分化的神经干细胞移植入小鼠脊髓损伤处,同时记录移植物如何生长并填充损伤部位,并与动物现有的神经网络整合和模仿。

他们的研究于8月5日发表在《细胞干细胞》杂志上,题目为“Neural Stem Cell Grafts Form Extensive Synaptic Networks that Integrate with Host Circuits after Spinal Cord Injury”

该研究的第一作者,加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学院转化神经科学研究所的Steven Ceto说:“在这项研究之前,我们发现,实验室中开发的这些干细胞移植物有点像黑盒子。”

尽管先前的研究已经表明,神经干细胞移植后SCI动物模型的功能有所改善,但科学家们并不清楚其中到底发生了什么。

Ceto表示:“我们知道受损的宿主轴突广泛地生长到损伤部位,而移植神经元又将大量轴突延伸到脊髓中,但是我们不知道移植物内部实际上发生了什么活动,也没有明确宿主轴突和移植轴突是否真的在建立功能连接。”

因此,Ceto,Tuszynski及其同事利用了最新的技术,用光代替电,来刺激和记录遗传和解剖学定义的神经元群体的活动。这样可以确保他们准确地知道哪些宿主和移植神经元在起作用,而不必担心电流在组织中传播,并产生潜在的误导性结果。

他们发现,即使在没有特定刺激的情况下,移植神经元也会在具有高度相关活动的不同神经元簇中自发放电,就像正常脊髓的神经网络一样。当研究人员刺激来自动物大脑的再生轴突时,他们发现一些同样自发活跃的移植神经元簇反应强烈,表明这些神经网络从通常驱动运动的输入中接收到了功能性的突触连接。诸如轻触和捏之类的感觉刺激也激活了移植神经元。


图解摘要

Ceto表示:“我们发现可以通过刺激移植物轴突延伸到这些区域来激活损伤部位下方的脊髓神经元。将所有这些结果放在一起,结果表明,神经干细胞移植物具有强大的自组装能力,形成与宿主神经系统功能整合的脊髓样神经网络。经过多年的推测和推断,现在我们直接证明了实际上,脊髓损伤后神经元接力的每一个组成部分实际上都是起作用的。”

Tuszynski表示,他的团队目前正在研究几种途径来增强干细胞移植物的功能连通性,例如用支架组织移植物的拓扑结构,以模仿正常脊髓的拓扑结构,以及利用电刺激来加强宿主和移植物神经元之间的突触连接。

Tuszynski说:“干细胞,刺激,康复和其他干预措施的完美配合可能还需要几年的时间,患者现在正遭受脊髓损伤的困扰。因此,我们目前正在与监管机构合作,尽快将我们的干细胞移植方法引入临床试验。如果一切顺利,我们可以在十年内进行治疗。”

原始出处:

StevenCeto, Kohei J.Sekiguchi, YoshioTakashima, et.al. Neural Stem Cell Grafts Form Extensive Synaptic Networks that Integrate with Host Circuits after Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Stem Cell Available online 5 August 2020

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    2020-10-17 爆笑小医
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    2020-08-14 独孤立克

    干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871905, encodeId=939e18e19052d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Apr 18 02:45:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794731, encodeId=b5a41e94731bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82b416e79f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#stem cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16779, encryptionId=82b416e79f5, topicName=stem cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Mon Apr 05 23:45:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1658941, encodeId=cb1d165894136, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c40ce798412' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞移植#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77984, encryptionId=c40ce798412, topicName=细胞移植)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4724938298, createdName=limedical1982, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 02:45:53 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962204, encodeId=9772196220419, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sat Oct 17 16:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1025490, encodeId=27b5102549072, content=干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=独孤立克, createdTime=Fri Aug 14 08:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1398029, encodeId=d36013980294c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Wed Aug 12 23:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1482302, encodeId=273f148230206, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8cc416e78f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#STEM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16778, encryptionId=8cc416e78f3, topicName=STEM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1067833268, createdName=12498bb3m92(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Aug 12 23:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1573668, encodeId=6c6515e3668b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a52e42768a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74276, encryptionId=0a52e42768a, topicName=神经干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bc7215920711, createdName=bsmagic9137, createdTime=Wed Aug 12 23:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871905, encodeId=939e18e19052d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Apr 18 02:45:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794731, encodeId=b5a41e94731bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82b416e79f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#stem cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16779, encryptionId=82b416e79f5, topicName=stem cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Mon Apr 05 23:45:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1658941, encodeId=cb1d165894136, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c40ce798412' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞移植#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77984, encryptionId=c40ce798412, topicName=细胞移植)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4724938298, createdName=limedical1982, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 02:45:53 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962204, encodeId=9772196220419, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sat Oct 17 16:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1025490, encodeId=27b5102549072, content=干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=独孤立克, createdTime=Fri Aug 14 08:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1398029, encodeId=d36013980294c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Wed Aug 12 23:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1482302, encodeId=273f148230206, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8cc416e78f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#STEM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16778, encryptionId=8cc416e78f3, topicName=STEM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1067833268, createdName=12498bb3m92(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Aug 12 23:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1573668, encodeId=6c6515e3668b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a52e42768a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74276, encryptionId=0a52e42768a, topicName=神经干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bc7215920711, createdName=bsmagic9137, createdTime=Wed Aug 12 23:45:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]