Science:益生菌”的庄严使命,提高肿瘤治疗成功率

2018-01-05 佚名 生物通

1月5日《Science》杂志报道三篇惊人的医学发现,几种肠道菌株竟然能改善晚期黑色素瘤患者的免疫疗法应答。


1月5日《Science》杂志报道三篇惊人的医学发现,几种肠道菌株竟然能改善晚期黑色素瘤患者的免疫疗法应答。

已获批的PD-1免疫疗法药物在临床上只对35%黑色素瘤患者有明显效果,因此这种疗法的改善空间仍然很大。

“共生微生物与转移性黑色素瘤患者的抗- PD-1疗效关系很大,“芝加哥大学研究学者在他们的最新发表文章中陈述,16名对治疗有反应的患者体内的长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum)、产气科林斯菌(Collinsella aerofaciens)和屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)比其他26名患者更为活跃。

从现象中,研究人员推测,特定的肠道细菌似乎增强了T细胞进入肿瘤微环境的能力和癌细胞杀伤力,从而使机体对免疫治疗产生持久且旺盛的反应。

“肠道菌群的影响力比我们之前想象的要深刻得多,”芝加哥大学癌症免疫疗法教授Thomas Gajewski博士说。

这项研究是2015年Gajewski实验室发表的首篇“特定肠道细菌可提高免疫疗法效力”的进一步补充。在2015年文章中,研究人员发现结合口服双歧杆菌的小鼠抗PD-L1治疗效果显著。

如今,这篇文章的研究重点是人类——38名接受nivolumab或 pembrolizumab(抗-PD-1相关药物)检查点抑制剂和4名接受ipilimumab(抗-CTLA4相关药物)治疗的转移性黑色素瘤患者。

“早期的小鼠研究是一个意外发现。在此之前我们一直认为微生物可能只是次要因素,癌细胞阻挠免疫系统工作应该是一个多重效应,”Gajewski说。“但是在这项最新研究中,我们发现,肠道菌群是预测患者免疫反应的重要指标。”

研究者们将注意力集中在了8种“有益”细菌和2种“有害”细菌。有益细菌在对治疗有反应的患者身上更为常见,反之,有害细菌是对疗效无应答患者肠道的优势菌。
考虑到细菌宿主的个体差异,研究人员联合使用16S rRNA测序、宏基因组shotgun测序和Q-PCR三种不同方法确定了微生物的基因序列。有益细菌比率较高的患者都显现出了较好的临床反应,即肿瘤体积明显缩小。

为了确认人类肠道细菌是否直接影响治疗效果,研究人员做了一个小型测试,分别收集3名响应治疗和3名不响应治疗的受试者的粪便细菌。将这些细菌移植给无菌小鼠(因为还不能用人做试验)。两周后,对小鼠进行黑色素细胞移植处理。

2只移植了“有益”细菌的小鼠肿瘤生长缓慢,2只移植了“有害”细菌的小鼠肿瘤生长迅速。用PD-1阻断药物处理小鼠,只有移植了“有益”细菌的小鼠有反应,即肿瘤呈现皱缩。

在1月5日出版的《Science》杂志中,除了芝加哥大学的这篇文章以外,还有另外两篇也报道了不同肠道细菌对免疫治疗的促进作用,法国Gustave Roussy 癌症学院(Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus in Villejuif, France)的文章【2】鉴定出Akkermansia muciniphila(Akk菌)是一种有抗肿瘤效果的“益生菌”;德克萨斯MD安德森癌症中心的文章【3】论证了Faecalibacterium和Clostridiales两种菌对抗-PD-1免疫疗法的积极影响。

“这些研究结果表明,肠道菌群是抗肿瘤免疫反应的主要因素,如果得不到细菌支持,免疫反应似乎就永远无法开启,”Gajewski。

这些研究结果吸引了全世界的目光,把癌症治疗推向了一个新的领域:必须开展以益生菌为基础的免疫疗法增效试验。研究人员称,希望能在2018年推出双歧杆菌的相关临床试验。

未来,不止这些细菌,科学家们还将继续扩大搜索版图,明确列出对癌症患者有益或有害的肠道细菌表。
(注:本中提及菌种未经医生同意,不可擅自服用)

原始出处:

1.Vyara Matson1,et al.The commensal microbiome is associated with anti–PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients.Science  05 Jan 2018:Vol. 359, Issue 6371, pp. 104-108 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3290

2.Bertrand Routy,et al.Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1–based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors.Science  02 Nov 2017:eaan3706 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3706

3.V. Gopalakrishnan,et al.Gut microbiome modulates response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients.Science  02 Nov 2017:eaan4236 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4236

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    2018-01-08 jyzxjiangqin

    益生菌的应用.

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    2018-01-07 jichang
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    2018-01-06 祝您健康

    学习

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近年来,应用益生菌制剂为预防和治疗幽门螺杆菌感染提供了新的思路,研究发现益生菌可以提高三联疗法的幽门螺杆菌根除率。发表在《Eur J Clin Pharmacol》的一项研究旨在确定益生菌补充三联疗法用于儿童幽门螺杆菌根除的有效性和安全性。

J Clin Invest:生命真美妙!科学家发现母乳会促进宝宝长出特殊的健康肠道微生物

母乳喂养真的好嘛?当然了在可能的情况下进行母乳喂养,确实是妈妈们的好选择,因为吃母乳的宝宝不仅营养好,得病的概率也会降低呢!

Nature:新突破:益生菌降血压或成为一个全新治疗方向!

根据麻省理工学院的一项新研究,生活在你的肠道中的微生物可能有助于防止高盐饮食的影响。