PLoS ONE:成体胰腺侧群细胞(干细胞)成功分化为胰岛β细胞

2012-11-22 MedSci PLoS ONE

澳大利亚的研究人员在胰腺中鉴定出了能够转化为胰岛细胞的干细胞。这一研究发现有望使得1型糖尿病患者能够利用再生的胰岛素生成胰腺细胞分泌自身胰岛素的这一天更加接近。 这个发现由Walter and Eliza Hall医学研究所的科学家主导,论文在线发表于11月9日的PLoS ONE上。 1型糖尿病 1型糖尿病是一种机体免疫系统攻击和破坏胰腺中产生胰岛素细胞的疾病。没有胰岛素,机体就不能控制血糖

澳大利亚的研究人员在胰腺中鉴定出了能够转化为胰岛细胞的干细胞。这一研究发现有望使得1型糖尿病患者能够利用再生的胰岛素生成胰腺细胞分泌自身胰岛素的这一天更加接近。

这个发现由Walter and Eliza Hall医学研究所的科学家主导,论文在线发表于11月9日的PLoS ONE上。

1型糖尿病

1型糖尿病是一种机体免疫系统攻击和破坏胰腺中产生胰岛素细胞的疾病。没有胰岛素,机体就不能控制血糖或葡萄糖,从而导致严重的器官破坏和潜在致命性血糖水平。

1型糖尿病患者必须每天多次注射胰岛素或使用胰岛素注射泵来控制他们的血糖水平。但是,这些方法都有缺陷,患者仍处于严重的长期健康问题的危险中。

准确找到起源细胞

文章中,来自Walter and Eliza Hall医学研究院分子医学部的IliaBanakh博士和LenHarrison教授及其同事描述了他们是如何从成人胰腺中鉴定和提取干细胞,然后又是如何发明了一种将这些干细胞导入能够分泌胰岛素的胰岛细胞中的方法。

这一发现将会带来新的治疗手段,告别每天注射胰岛素的历史。

Harrison在陈述中解释说,不管先前在成人胰腺中用干细胞样特征的细胞再生胰岛细胞的研究是如何成功,这一发现令他激动的是Banakh已经准确找到“胰岛细胞的起源细胞”,并且表明,在胰腺损伤时,这些细胞的数量和它们转化为胰岛细胞的能力会增加。

研究人员首先在试管中对细胞进行研究,之后在小鼠身上进行试验。“当细胞组织经血管腔内植入糖尿病小鼠体内时,胰岛素仍然表达。”

研究人员相信他们的发现为干细胞不仅存在于胚胎中这一观点提供了证据,同时意味着有一天Ⅰ型糖尿病患者的自身胰岛细胞能够再生。研究发现意味着胰岛细胞再生的可能性存在于我们每个人当中,甚至是成年人。Harrison本月被澳大利亚糖尿病协会授予糖尿病杰出贡献奖,以纪念11月14号星期四的世界糖尿病日。

Harrison声称,“长期以来,我们一直希望1型糖尿病患者能够再生自身胰岛细胞。这就意味着他们能够利用自身胰岛素,恢复自身血糖水平控制能力,从而治疗糖尿病。当然,这种治疗手段只有在我们发明了克服免疫系统攻击胰岛细胞的方法时才能实现,而免疫系统攻击胰岛细胞是糖尿病发病的第一位因素。”

原始链接: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0048977

Pancreas stem cells are a potential source of insulin-producing β cells for the therapy of diabetes. In adult tissues the ‘side population’ (SP) of cells that effluxes the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342 through ATP-binding cassette transporters has stem cell properties. We hypothesised therefore that the SP would expand in response to β cell injury and give rise to functional β cells. SP cells were flow sorted from dissociated pancreas cells of adult mice, analysed for phenotype and cultured with growth promoting and differentiation factors before analysis for hormone expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. SP cell number and colony forming potential (CFP) increased significantly in models of type diabetes, and after partial pancreatectomy, in the absence of hyperglycaemia. SP cells, ~1% of total pancreas cells at 1 week of age, were enriched >10-fold for CFP compared to non-SP cells. Freshly isolated SP cells contained no insulin protein or RNA but expressed the homeobox transcription factor Pdx1 required for pancreas development and β cell function. Pdx1, along with surface expression of CD326 (Ep-Cam), was a marker of the colony forming and proliferation potential of SP cells. In serum-free medium with defined factors, SP cells proliferated and differentiated into islet hormone-expressing cells that secreted insulin in response to glucose. Insulin expression was maintained when tissue was transplanted within vascularised chambers into diabetic mice. SP cells in the adult pancreas expand in response to β cell injury and are a source of β cell progenitors with potential for the treatment of diabetes.

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    2013-08-12 baoya
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