哈医大二院于波等:颈脉斑块指标能否评价冠脉斑块特征?

2020-01-10 循环 中国循环杂志

动脉粥样硬化是一种系统性、繁琐的病理改变,可在在颈动脉和冠状动脉等多血管床中同时发生。近期,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院于波等撰文指出,通过颈动脉斑块特征可评价冠状动脉斑块特征。颈动脉位置表浅,与冠状动脉距离近,血管壁的组成、血流环境与冠脉接近,而且在外周动脉中用来评价、预测冠脉事件的研究相对较多。研究表明,有多个颈动脉斑块指标可预测冠脉事件,包括颈动脉内-中膜厚度、斑块负荷、斑块组成,但尚有争议。

动脉粥样硬化是一种系统性、繁琐的病理改变,可在在颈动脉和冠状动脉等多血管床中同时发生。

近期,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院于波等撰文指出,通过颈动脉斑块特征可评价冠状动脉斑块特征。

颈动脉位置表浅,与冠状动脉距离近,血管壁的组成、血流环境与冠脉接近,而且在外周动脉中用来评价、预测冠脉事件的研究相对较多。

研究表明,有多个颈动脉斑块指标可预测冠脉事件,包括颈动脉内-中膜厚度、斑块负荷、斑块组成,但尚有争议。

作者指出,颈动脉内-中膜厚度对心血管事件的风险预测是有争议的。

研究显示,其最大值可独立预测冠脉事件,但在无斑块处测量的颈动脉内-中膜厚度平均值,不能独立预测冠脉事件。

纳入11 项研究的Meta 分析表明,颈动脉斑块负荷比颈动脉内-中膜厚度对未来冠脉事件的预测准确率更高。

通常将颈动脉血管壁厚度≥ 1.5 mm 定义为颈动脉斑块。颈动脉斑块出现、大小以及数量都可以有力预测心血管疾病风险。

一般认为,斑块负荷越大,狭窄程度越严重,未来冠脉事件发生风险越高。但有许多研究发现,颈动脉斑块的出现更能代表冠脉事件的发生,而不是负荷大小。

斑块的组成主要包括脂质、纤维及钙化,其中以颈动脉钙化的研究相对较多。有许多研究指出,颈动脉斑块钙化出现和首次冠脉事件相关,但是尚有争议。

作者表示,冠状动脉与颈动脉斑块形成的环境相似、风险相似、易损性相似,这使得颈动脉斑块同步评价冠状动脉斑块成为可能。

第一、解剖学上,颈动脉斑块形状以及在分支上的位置和动脉曲线与冠脉相似。

第二、颈动脉斑块与冠脉斑块形成具备一致的危险因素,如高血压糖尿病、吸烟、老年、高甘油三酯水平、低高密度脂蛋白水平等;然而,两者与危险因素相关性以及对冠脉事件预测价值不同。

也有研究指出,颈动脉粥样硬化的发展晚于冠脉动脉粥样硬化,能否通过颈动脉斑块组成评价冠脉斑块组成尚需进一步研究。

于波等认为,斑块组成在冠脉事件中,尤其是易损斑块在急性冠脉综合征中,越来越占据重要地位,如果颈动脉斑块能够同步评价冠脉斑块特征,冠脉事件的诊治也将迈出一大步。

来源:高睿,于波. 通过颈动脉斑块特征评价冠状动脉斑块特征. 中国循环杂志, 2019, 34: 1240-1243.

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    2020-06-14 paperyu
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    2020-03-20 gj0741
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    2020-01-12 huagfeg