胰岛素和胰高血糖素如何调节血糖水平

2017-03-18 榕榕 来宝网

【胰岛素和胰高血糖素之间关系解密】胰腺分泌胰岛素和胰高血糖素,它们在调节血糖水平中起重要作用。这两种激素平衡血糖。如果一种激素的水平在理想范围之外,血糖水平可能飙升或下降。胰岛素和胰高血糖素在一起工作,有助于保持身体内部的条件稳定。当血糖过高时,胰腺分泌更多的胰岛素。当血糖水平下降时,胰腺释放胰高血糖素使其恢复正常。本文主要内容:1.血糖和健康2.血糖调节3.血糖问题引起的糖尿病4.血糖水平如何影



【胰岛素和胰高血糖素之间关系解密】胰腺分泌胰岛素和胰高血糖素,它们在调节血糖水平中起重要作用。这两种激素平衡血糖。如果一种激素的水平在理想范围之外,血糖水平可能飙升或下降。

胰岛素和胰高血糖素在一起工作,有助于保持身体内部的条件稳定。当血糖过高时,胰腺分泌更多的胰岛素。当血糖水平下降时,胰腺释放胰高血糖素使其恢复正常。

本文主要内容:

1.血糖和健康

2.血糖调节

3.血糖问题引起的糖尿病

4.血糖水平如何影响身体

血糖和健康

身体将碳水化合物从食物转化为糖(葡萄糖),葡头糖是能量的重要来源。血糖水平全天不同,但在大多数情况下,胰岛素和胰高血糖素使这些保持正常。

健康因素,包括胰岛素抵抗,糖尿病和饮食问题可能导致人的血糖水平飙升或暴跌。

血糖水平以毫克/分升(mg / dl)表示。理想的血糖范围如下:

早餐前 - 对于没有糖尿病的人,水平应该小于100mg / dl,对于糖尿病患者,水平应该为70-130mg / dl。

饭后两小时 - 对于没有糖尿病的人,水平应该小于140mg / dl,对于糖尿病患者,水平应该小于180mg / dl。

血糖调节

胰腺释放胰岛素和胰高血糖素以控制血糖水平。

血糖水平是衡量个体如何有效使用葡萄糖的量度。当身体不能转化足够的葡萄糖以供使用时,血糖水平仍然很高。胰岛素帮助身体的细胞吸收葡萄糖,降低血糖,并为细胞提供他们需要的葡萄糖。

当血糖水平太低时,胰腺释放胰高血糖素。胰高血糖素迫使肝脏释放储存的葡萄糖,这导致血糖升高。

胰岛素和胰高血糖素都由胰腺中的胰岛细胞释放。这些细胞聚集在整个胰腺中。β胰岛细胞(B细胞)释放胰岛素,α胰岛细胞(A细胞)释放胰高血糖素。

胰岛素如何工作

身体将能量从碳水化合物转化为葡萄糖。虽然,身体的细胞需要葡萄糖,并将其转化为能量,但是大多数细胞不能直接使用葡萄糖。

胰岛素作为允许葡萄糖接近细胞的关键。它附着于整个身体的细胞的胰岛素受体上,并告诉这些细胞打开并允许葡萄糖进入。

低水平的胰岛素在整个身体中不断循环。当胰岛素升高时,向肝脏发出信号,血糖也会升高。肝脏吸收葡萄糖,然后将其改变为称为糖原的储存分子。

当血糖水平下降时,胰高血糖素通知肝脏将糖原转化回葡萄糖。使血糖水平上升。

胰岛素还通过将氨基酸递送到肌肉组织来使其保持受伤后的愈合。氨基酸帮助肌肉组织中的蛋白质,因此当胰岛素水平太低时,肌肉可能不能正常愈合。

胰高血糖素如何工作

低血糖期间,肝脏必须启动储存的葡萄糖以驱动细胞活动。少食和营养不良会导致血糖下降。通过储存葡萄糖,肝脏确保血糖水平在不用餐之间或在睡眠期间保持稳定。

当血糖下降时,胰腺中的细胞分泌胰高血糖素。胰高血糖素指示肝脏将糖原转化为葡萄糖。这使得葡萄糖在血流中更可用。胰岛素附着到细胞上的胰岛素受体上,以确保它们可以吸收葡萄糖。

胰岛素和胰高血糖素在一个周期中起作用。胰高血糖素与肝脏相互作用以升高血糖,而胰岛素通过帮助细胞使用葡萄糖来降低血糖。

血糖水平如何影响身体健康

胰岛素和胰高血糖素不能直接工作,特别是当血糖非常高或非常低时。

高血糖

高血糖症状包括:

排尿比平常多。肾脏尝试通过去除过量的葡萄糖来响应高血糖。

感觉过度渴,特别是也经常排尿。由于肾脏试图调节血糖,它可能导致脱水和强烈的渴望水的感觉。

感觉过度饥饿。这不是由高血糖引起的,而是由于低胰岛素效应引起的,通常伴随高血糖。

随着时间的推移,非常高的血糖可能导致:

不明原因的体重减轻

愈合时间缓慢

瘙痒,皮肤干燥

增加感染的可能性

头痛

疲劳或难以集中注意力

视野模糊

便秘,腹泻或两者兼而有之

勃起功能障碍

膳食之间的延迟,营养不良,一些糖尿病药物和一些医疗条件可能导致低血糖。

低血糖症状包括:

头晕

心跳加快

刺痛,特别是在舌头,嘴唇,手臂或腿中

饥饿和恶心

晕厥

混乱和注意力集中困难

易怒

如果未经治疗,可导致癫痫发作或意识丧失

引起糖尿病

虽然生活方式导致血糖变化,但血糖问题的最常见原因是糖尿病

有几种类型的糖尿病,下面进行如下描述:

1型糖尿病

1型糖尿病导致身体的免疫细胞攻击胰腺中的一些胰岛素分泌细胞。

患有1型糖尿病的人通常血糖非常高。然而,他们的低胰岛素水平意味着他们不能在他们的血液中使用大量的葡萄糖。

1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫病症,这意味着它导致身体自己攻击自己。它通常在儿童期发展,有时被称为青少年糖尿病。

2型糖尿病

2型糖尿病是最常见的糖尿病类型,并且与生活方式如超重相关。

2型糖尿病患者有胰岛素抵抗。这意味着胰岛素不起作用。

妊娠糖尿病

妊娠期糖尿病是一种在怀孕期间发生的糖尿病。

当一个女人怀孕时,发育中的婴儿的胎盘会破坏身体使用胰岛素的能力。这导致胰岛素抵抗,触发类似于2型糖尿病的症状。

妊娠糖尿病通常在婴儿出生后消失。然而,它是后期发展为2型糖尿病的风险因素。

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    2018-02-25 baoya
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    2017-06-04 QFXL123456

    学习了,谢谢!

    0

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    2017-03-23 史云超

    内容平实,和初高中课本上讲的差不多,让我好好的复习了一下~~学习了

    0

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    2017-03-20 hbwxf
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    2017-03-19 cqykthl

    胰岛素和胰高血糖素在一起工作,有助于保持身体内部的条件稳定

    0

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