精神分裂症案例解读:鲁拉西酮治疗偏执型精神分裂症

2021-11-23 昆明医科大学第一附属医院 戴南 “神经时讯”公众号

患者王某某,男,27岁,因“凭空耳闻人语,疑人跟踪迫害7月,加重2周“于2021年7月8日门诊就诊。

患者王某某,男,27岁,因“凭空耳闻人语,疑人跟踪迫害7月,加重2周“于2021年7月8日门诊就诊。

现病史

2021年1月开始无明显诱因渐出现凭空听到有人议论自己,说自己工作能力差,人品也有问题。时常感到有人跟踪,欲加害自己。上街时,感有不认识的人尾随,意图知道自己住址后便于加害自己。有时也感到有外地牌照车辆跟踪,想绑架自己。因上述症状而经常感到害怕,不愿去上班,整天待在家里不愿外出,情绪欠佳,对周围事物不关心,对家人关心减少。睡眠及饮食尚可。体重变化不明显。发病后2个月曾到我科门诊就诊,诊断为精神分裂症,予奥氮平 15 mg qn治疗5周后,症状消失,之后坚持服药。2021年5月感活动后气促,头晕。行动态二合一:血压140~150/90~100 mmHg,诊断为高血压,遂停用奥氮平治疗。2周前上述症状加重,再次出现凭空人语,多疑,懒散,遂由家属陪同至我科门诊就诊。患者自发病后1个月开始,休息在家。患者此次起病以来无发热、昏迷等情况,睡眠饮食尚可,服药后体重增加5 kg。

既往史

2021年5月诊断 “高血压Ⅰ级”。

个人史

平素性格外向,工作能力强。无冶游史。

家族史

否认家族史。

入院查体

生命体征平稳,血压120/80 mmHg,身高1.80 m, 体重84 kg,BMI=26。余内科查体及神经系统查体未见明显异常。

精神检查

意识清晰,定向力完整,接触被动,貌龄相符,问答尚切题,表情紧张,引出幻听、关系及被害妄想,存在轻度抑郁情绪。注意力、记忆力减退。社会功能重度受损。

实验室检查

血尿常规、血生化、HIV及梅毒、抗体检测、心电图、甲状腺功能检查、头颅MRI未见异常。

诊断

偏执型精神分裂症;高血压Ⅰ级,中危组。

诊断依据

患者青年男性,病史半年,主要表现:存在评论性幻听、被害妄想、 阴性症状,及懒散社会退缩等症状,社会功能重度受损,排除其它相关疾病。

鉴别诊断

患者无严重躯体疾病及脑外伤史可排除器质性精神障碍及躯体所致精神障碍。患者无精神活性物质使用史可排除精神活性物质所致精神障碍。

用药过程

7月9日—7月15日:鲁拉西酮40 mg qd(与早餐同服),地西泮2.5 mg po bid,氨氯地平5 mg po qd。

7月15日随访懒动有改善,能与家人交流。幻听及妄想有改善,较前有减少。无特殊不适。血压平稳。

7月16日—7月22日:鲁拉西酮40 mg bid(与早餐、晚餐同服),地西泮2.5 mg po bid,氨氯地平5 mg po qd。

7月22日随访:能与朋友出门。幻听及妄想明显减少。出现有轻度静坐不能,加用美托洛尔12.5 mg po qd,血压平稳。

7月23日—30日:鲁拉西酮40 mg bid(与早餐,晚餐同服),地西泮2.5 mg po bid,氨氯地平5 mg po qd。美托洛尔12.5 mg po qd。

7月30日随访: 能与朋友出门,能做家务。幻听及妄想很少出现。静坐不能消失,血压平稳,体重未有增加。复查肝肾功能,心电图无特殊。

整个治疗过程中,辅以rTMS治疗。

目前患者治疗5周,病情平稳,未再出现幻觉及妄想,在家休息,能做家务,外表整洁。目前服用鲁拉西酮40 mg bid(与早餐、晚餐同服),美托洛尔12.5 mg po qd。氨氯地平已逐渐减量停用。血压平稳,体重未增加。

心得体会

鲁拉西酮对SCZ的阳性和阴性症状起效快,疗效好。但需注意与餐同服,及可能出现静坐不能的不良反应。

抗精神病药从起始就应考虑代谢风险。治疗期间患者的体重、血压、血糖、血脂水平应积极检测,若有变化,则应该考虑换药。

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    2023-01-20 ms9000001657969304 来自山西省

    美托洛尔可以缓解坐立不安吗?

    0

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