Cancers:线场共聚焦光学相干断层扫描提高可疑病变基底细胞癌诊断的准确性和置信度

2022-03-30 医路坦克 MedSci原创

在现实生活中验证LC-OCT对临床基底细胞癌的诊断价值,并测试与皮肤镜和组织病理学相比较,区分浅表和其他基底细胞癌亚型的能力。我们回顾了BCC的形态LC-OCT标准,并提供了主要诊断陷阱的概述。

    近几十年来,基底细胞癌(BCC)已发展成为最常见的皮肤癌类型。诊断的黄金标准包括可疑病变的活检或切除以及组织病理学检查。治疗主要取决于组织病理亚型,深层和结节状或浸润性基底细胞癌需要完全手术切除,而浅表肿瘤可以从冷冻、激光或局部药物如咪喹莫特受益。因此,基底细胞癌的诊断和分型对治疗计划至关重要。临床和皮肤镜检查通常用于诊断基底细胞癌,但光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和反射共焦显微镜(RCM)等非侵入性光学诊断方法在早期发现临床不明的基底细胞癌方面显示出很高的潜力,诊断的敏感性和特异性超过90%。此外,新的行场共焦OCT(LCOCT)具有比RCM更高的穿透深度(500微米比250微米)和更高的分辨率(1微米比7.5-10微米),最近已被用于根据初步研究的形态标准非侵入性检测BCC。然而,目前还没有关于临床上不明确的病变的研究。

     这项研究的目的是:在现实生活中验证LC-OCT对临床基底细胞癌的诊断价值,并测试与皮肤镜和组织病理学相比较,区分浅表和其他基底细胞癌亚型的能力。此外,我们回顾了BCC的形态LC-OCT标准,并提供了主要诊断陷阱的概述。

     我们前瞻性地登记了154名患者的182个病灶,转诊到我科以确认或排除基底细胞癌的诊断。皮肤镜和LC-OCT图像由两名专家独立评估。对图像质量、LC-OCT模式和标准、诊断、BCC亚型和诊断置信度进行评估。将附加LC-OCT与单纯皮肤镜检查的灵敏度和特异度进行比较,以确定临床不明确病变中的基底细胞癌。此外,主要的LC-OCT特征用于区分基底细胞癌和非基底细胞癌,以及区分浅表性基底细胞癌和其他基底细胞癌亚型。只有48%的皮肤镜检查的病变诊断置信度高,而LC-OCT的诊断可信度高达70%。与组织学相比,LCOCT显示出较高的敏感性(98%)和特异性(80%),在诊断置信度较高的病变亚组中,这些敏感性和特异性更高(100%和97%)。观察员之间的协议近乎完美(95%)。皮肤镜与LC-OCT联合诊断的敏感性为100%,特异性为81.2%,对诊断有较高置信度的患者敏感性为100%,特异性为94.9%。LC-OCT的性能受图像质量的影响,但不受病变解剖位置的影响。

图1  68岁女性患者小腿结节状基底细胞癌。(a,b)LC-OCT图像。结节状基底细胞癌呈细小颗粒状结构,与基底细胞相对应,瘤周裂解(白色箭头)和均质区域可能有液化坏死区,残留细胞碎片(白色星号)。(C)(40×)、(D)(100×)和(E)(100×):相应的组织学HE染色切片,周边呈栅栏状,裂解,中央有坏死。

图2  76岁患者鼻唇沟内有囊性结节状基底细胞癌。(A)(200×)和(B)(100×):HE染色切片。瘤周裂隙(白色箭头)和囊性结构(星号)。(C)同一病变的LC-OCT图像。箭头再次显示裂隙,BCC具有细小颗粒状质地。(D)与肾小球血管对应的囊性基底细胞癌中的暗色低反射区(星号)。

图3  64岁男性患者右侧太阳穴结节状基底细胞癌。(A)(20×)和(B)(100×):肿瘤组织学HE染色切片。(C)(垂直)和(D)(水平):相应病变的LC-OCT图像。同样,可以看到周缘裂解(白色箭头)以及基底样巢(星号)。

图4   1例58岁男性患者额部感染传染性软骨病。(A)(100×)和(B)(40×):苏木精-伊红(HE)染色切片。在组织学上,可识别杯状多小叶病变。红色箭头表示含有病毒颗粒的胞浆内包涵体(Henderson-Paterson小体)。(c-e)传染性软体动物LC-OCT图像。它显示棘皮病(白条)和结构模糊的低反射区,可能对应于亨德森-帕特森小体(红色箭头)。

图5  一例70岁男性患者鼻部皮脂腺增生。(A)LC-OCT图像。增大的皮脂腺可见低反射卵圆形结构(白色星号)。仔细观察时,腺体内可见圆形的皮脂细胞。(B)(100×)和(C)(200×)和(D)(200×):HE染色切片。增大的、结构规则的皮脂腺(白色星号)。

 

    与非基底细胞癌相比,基底细胞癌最特异的形态LC-OCT标准是:真皮-表皮交界处(DEJ)不清晰,肿瘤小叶低反射,边缘暗淡。浅表性基底细胞癌(SBCC)最相关的特征是:珍珠串样,无表皮变薄。与单纯皮肤镜检查相比,LC-OCT在临床可疑病变中检测基底细胞癌方面的诊断可信度、敏感性和特异性显著提高。操作员对图像采集的培训是达到最佳效果的基础。LC-OCT不仅可以在床边进行基底细胞癌的鉴别诊断,还可以进行基底细胞癌的分型。

文献来源:Gust C,  Schuh S,  Welzel J,Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography Increases the Diagnostic Accuracy and Confidence for Basal Cell Carcinoma in Equivocal Lesions: A Prospective Study.Cancers (Basel) 2022 Feb 21;14(4) 

 

 

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    2022-04-26 anminleiryan
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