Eur Radiol:对于肝转移瘤,我们能发现更多!

2021-04-13 shaosai MedSci原创

钆塞酸二钠增强MRI在检测结直肠癌、胰腺腺癌和神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移方面具有极高的敏感性和特异性,是鉴别恶性肿瘤肝转移、确定手术可行和术式选择的首选影像学检查手段。

    钆塞酸二钠增强MRI在检测结直肠癌(CRC)、胰腺腺癌(PDAC)和神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)肝转移方面具有极高的敏感性和特异性,是鉴别恶性肿瘤肝转移、确定手术可行性和术式选择的首选影像学检查手段。

    钆塞酸二钠是一种“肝细胞特异性”的磁共振对比剂,通过尿路和胆道系统等量清除。钆塞酸二钠主要是通过肝细胞膜特异性表达的有机阴离子转运蛋白1B3 (OATP1B3)转运到肝细胞内。肝胆期(HBP)显像对转移瘤的高敏感性归因于背景肝脏的高信号和不含肝细胞的转移瘤的低信号的强烈对比。因此,转移瘤表现为HBP无强化。

    一些文献报道认为,乳腺癌结肠癌的肝转移瘤中存在“矛盾的”或“不典型的”HBP强化。这些HBP强化可能由于对比剂在纤维化和坏死组织中的积蓄所造成。然而,在结直肠癌肝转移中,HBP强化也与OATP1B3的表达相关,这表明在不含肝细胞的病变中,HBP强化并不仅仅归因于病变的纤维化或坏死导致的对比剂积蓄。许多恶性肿瘤,包括CRC和PDAC,都表现出了OATP1B3的表达。由于OATP1B3表达在一些恶性肿瘤中具有重要的预后意义,因此HBP强化或许可作为一个预测患者预后的有效的生物标志物。

    近日,发表在European Radiology杂志的一项研究评估了肝转移瘤在钆塞酸二钠增强MRI肝胆期(HBP)上的强化模式和特征,为临床提供了新的评价患者预后的参考依据。

    本研究对2012年7月至2019年11月间患有13种不同原发恶性肿瘤肝转移患者所行的80次钆塞酸二钠增强MRI检查进行了评估。60例患者原发灶为结直肠癌(CRC)、胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)或神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)。两名放射科医生在每次MRI检查上对主要病变进行定量评估。当病灶HBP强化相对于肌肉的强化超过20%时,该病灶被认为是强化模式。根据强化模式对病灶进行分类。使用非参数统计检验比较CRC、PDAC和NET之间的定量增强指标和增强模式。

    大多数大于1 cm(77%,54/70)的主要转移性病灶均显示出HBP强化。在包括CRC、PDAC和NET在内的10种不同的原发性恶性肿瘤的肝转移灶中发现了HBP强化。 与CRC(44%,padj = 0.04)和NET(51%,padj = 0.01)转移灶相比,PDAC转移灶的HBP强化程度较低(26%)。 确定了三个离散的增强模式:外周、中央(靶型)和弥漫不均匀型。HBP强化的模式在CRC、PDAC和NET之间有所不同,二次分析表明PDAC的外周模式比例最高(73%,padj <0.001),CRC的弥散不均匀模式比例最高(32%,padj <0.01),NET的中央模式的比例最高(89%,padj <0.001)。

表1 以原发恶性肿瘤分层(结直肠癌、胰管腺癌、神经内分泌肿瘤)的转移病灶的特征。每组显示的主要病灶强化的定量测量、主要病灶和所有转移病灶的强化模式、每次MRI显示转移病灶的数量以及主要病灶的大小。

图 转移瘤肝胆期(HBP)强化模式。55岁,男性,神经内分泌瘤肝转移,轴位平扫T1W图像(a)和相应的HBP图像(b)显示出中央型HBP强化模式(箭头)。74岁,男性,胰腺癌肝转移,轴位平扫T1W图像(c)和冠状位HBP图像(d)显示出外周型HBP强化模式(箭头)。48岁,女性,结直肠癌肝转移,轴位平扫T1W图像(e)和相应的轴位HBP图像(f)显示出弥漫不均匀型HBP强化模式。在定量评估中,这三个患者的主要病灶均显示出HBP强化。

    本研究表明包括CRC、PDAC、NET在内的数种原发性恶性肿瘤的肝转移灶均表现出轻度的HBP强化表现,部分是由于纤维组织中对比剂的积蓄造成,部分是由于原发性肿瘤表达OATP1B3所造成。本研究进一步解释了肝转移瘤HBP强化方式不同的可能原因,为进一步阐明HBP强化、强化模式、OATP1B3表达与恶性肿瘤的预后之间的关系提供了理论基础。

原始出处:

Rajesh Bhayana,Vinit Baliyan,Hamed Kordbacheh,et al. Hepatobiliary phase enhancement of liver metastases on gadoxetic acid MRI: assessment of frequency and patterns.DOI:10.1007/s00330-020-07228-3

链接:

胰腺内分泌肿瘤(PEN)类型及相关临床综合征

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    2021-04-22 科研科研科研

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    2021-04-15 科研科研科研

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