Stroke:颈动脉斑块高危特征是ESUS的病因

2020-02-22 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

不明来源栓塞性卒中(Embolic stroke of undetermined source,ESUS)占所有缺血性卒中的17%(9%-25%)。

不明来源栓塞性卒中(Embolic stroke of undetermined source,ESUS)占所有缺血性卒中的17%(9%-25%)。在 ESUS 患者中,同侧轻度颈动脉狭窄(斑块伴管腔狭窄<50%)检出率接近40%,这些患者的病因可能为动脉粥样硬化栓塞。评估颈动脉斑块的血管影像学特征对于评估卒中风险可能很重要,特别是斑块内出血、巨大富含脂质的坏死核心、纤维帽薄或破裂、无症状栓塞梗死、进展、不规则或溃疡、echolucency、新生血管、炎症、边缘低回声区大、斑块体积大、微栓子信号、脑血管储备受损。

合并高风险斑块的 ESUS 患者可能能够从预防卒中的特殊干预措施中获益。2020年1月来自加拿大的Joseph Kamtchum-Tatuene等在 Stroke 上公布了他们的系统性综述和 meta 分析结果,目的在于探讨 ESUS 患者中合并高风险特征的轻度颈动脉狭窄的发生率。

8项研究共323例患者。卒中同侧颈动脉轻度狭窄伴高风险特征的患病率为32.5%(95% CI, 25.3–40.2),对侧颈动脉为4.6%(95% CI, 0.1–13.1)。高风险特征斑块:同侧 vs 对侧的比值比为5.5 (95% CI, 2.5–12.0)。

最终作者认为在 ESUS 患者中,同侧颈动脉斑块合并高风险特征的比例是对侧的5倍,提示它与卒中风险有关。

原始出处:Joseph Kamtchum-Tatuene, Alan Wilman, Maher Saqqur, et al. Carotid Plaque With High-Risk Features in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 22 Nov 2019

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