5种脑叶癫痫病症状学定位总结,一文掌握!

2022-02-16 Dr.Wu彤 MedSci原创

癫痫是大脑神经元突发性超同步异常放电所致短暂的大脑功能失调的一种慢性脑部疾病。由于异常放电的神经元在大脑中的部位不同,而有多种临床表现,依据癫痫发作症状学进行病灶定位更是每一位神经科医生的必备技能。

癫痫是大脑神经元突发性超同步异常放电所致短暂的大脑功能失调的一种慢性脑部疾病。由于异常放电的神经元在大脑中的部位不同,而有多种临床表现,依据癫痫发作症状学进行病灶定位更是每一位神经科医生的必备技能。

与癫痫相关的脑叶分区

额叶癫痫

额叶癫痫—解剖学分类

 

顶叶癫痫-症状学特点

顶叶癫痫-发作类型

①运动症状

口角、拇指的Jackson癲痫:从拇指→手→上肢→面部→下肢;或者旋转发作:可出现头、眼、躯体向对侧或同侧偏转,甚至继发全面性强直阵挛发作

②躯体感觉症状

a.致痫灶位于中央沟前方:头面、肢体运动发作

b.致痫灶位于中央沟后方时:发麻、针刺、触电感,热、烧灼和痛感少见

C.致痫灶位于中央区邻近的额、顶、颞:头部沉重感或室息感,或全身难以形容的不适感

③失语

致痫灶位于额、顶,表现为发作性短暂性失语,伴对侧上肢阵挛

*顶下小叶受累:严重的眩晕、定向力障碍

*优势半球受累:感觉性言语障碍,眩晕、姿势运动现象

*顶-颞-枕交界处受累:视觉症状

*旁中央小叶:对侧下肢感觉和运动症状,偏侧生殖器症状、同侧足的强制性运动

各种类型的视幻觉和躯体幻觉来源于顶叶,包括动视症、自视现象、复杂场景的幻视、视物显远症、隧道视觉和视物显大征。

颞叶癫痫-颞叶解剖

颞叶癫痫

岛叶癫痫

 

枕叶癫痫

 

 

大部分枕叶癫痫先兆是视觉上的。它们可能以基本的幻视或更复杂的视觉幻象形式出现,也可以是阴性症状比如失明或视野缺失。

 癫痫发作中有定位意义的症状和体征

 

参考文献:

1.Loddenkemper T, Kotagal P. Lateralizing signs during seizures in focal epilepsy.[J]. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2005, 7(1):1-17.

2.Gilda, Davis, Chaomei, et al. Comments on Loddenkemper et al. Lateralizing signs during seizures in focal epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior 2005;7:1–17[J]. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014.

3. Kahane P, et al. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2015 Mar;171(3):267-72. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2015.01.562. Epub 2015 Mar 5.

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    2022-02-18 148645bdm06暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2022-02-16 仁术2021

    不错,学习了

    0

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    2022-02-16 仁术2021

    不错学习了。

    0

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