重磅:“心-桥”研究:上海交通大学瑞金医院牵头的原创性RCT研究发表于JAMA

2018-04-26 MedSci MedSci原创

这一重大临床问题由上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院心脏外科的赵强教授团队首次通过RCT研究— DACAB取得了突破性的解答。

▍研究背景

根据循证指南,冠脉动脉旁路移植术(CABG)依然是冠心病左主干或多支病变的“金标准”血运重建方式,尤其对于合并糖尿病或左室功能不全的患者。桥血管的通畅是CABG术中后远期疗效的根本保证。与冠脉支架类似,抗血小板治疗是保障桥血管的通畅的药物治疗基石。在现有经典的阿司匹林单抗循证实践基础上,如何进一步提高桥血管的通畅率?这一重大临床问题由上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院心脏外科的赵强教授团队首次通过RCT研究— DACAB取得了突破性的解答。近日该研究正式发表于全球“医学四大刊”之一的《美国医学会杂志(JAMA)》(五年影响因子为44.405)并成为本周JAMA主页头条。


▍研究方法

DACAB研究是一项前瞻性、随机、开放标签、平行对照的多中心临床研究(NCT02201771),旨在比较替格瑞洛与阿司匹林联用(T+A组)、单用替格瑞洛(T组)或单用阿司匹林(A组)患者的术后一年SVG通畅率。该研究假设包括两个独立的有效性检验:T+A组与A组的比较,T组与A组的比较。

纳入标准为18~80岁的单纯择期CABG患者。关键排除标准包括:血流动力学不稳定;临床指证必须术后DAPT或口服抗凝治疗;已知严重出血风险;已知有研究药物相关禁忌证。

经过统计学样本量估算,研究筛选了2014.8-2015.11国内六家大学附属医院的1256例CABG患者,最终连续随机了500例受试者(1460 SVG桥血管样本)。受试者以1:1:1的比例随机分为3组:替格瑞洛90mg Bid + 阿司匹林100mg Qd(T+A组,n=168),替格瑞洛90mg Bid(T组,n=166),阿司匹林100mg Qd(A组,n=166),并于CABG术后24小时内开始接受随机分配的抗血小板治疗方案直至术后12月。采用多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)或冠脉造影(CAG) 技术,以Fitzgibbon 标准,并最终由独立的影像数据评审中心(IDRC )评价桥血管结局。(图1)

研究同时随访记录了受试者的MACE和出血事件等关键临床结果。



图1. 临床试验分组与流程

▍研究结果

最终所有500例受试者均完成了临床随访,其中467例(93.4%)受试者接受了12个月时的CCTA/CAG桥血管影像学检查并得到了首要终点SVG结局数据(1369/1460,93.8%)。研究首要终点SVG通畅率比较严格采用意向性分析原则(ITT),无法获得结局数据的SVG(6.2%)一律按不通畅/闭塞统计。ITT分析结果:T+A组SVG通畅率(Fitzgibbon A级)为88.7% (432/487),T组为82.8%(371/485),A组为76.5% (404/488)。T+A组较A组高12.2%(95% CI 5.2-19.2%,P=0.0006),达到了研究假设的统计学差异。T组比A组高6.3% (95% CI -1.1-13.7%,P=0.0962),有趋势但尚未达到研究假设的统计学差异。

次要临床终点方面,1年MACE事件发生率:T+A治疗组为3例(1.8%);T治疗组为4例 (2.4%);A治疗组为9例(5.4%)。TIMI定义的大出血事件,三组发生率均较低(T+A组 3例,T组2例,A组 0);其中CABG相关的出血T+A组 1例,T组1例,A组未发生。而非CABG相关的出血事件总体发生率T+A组较高,主要分布在轻微出血。


表1. 替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林双抗 vs 阿司匹林单抗;替格瑞洛单抗 vs 阿司匹林单抗的主要终点结果分析

▍研究总结

对于DACAB研究1年结果,主要研究者、文章第一兼通讯作者赵强教授总结道:与阿司匹林单药治疗相比,替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林的双联抗血小板治疗方案可显著提高CABG术后1年的静脉桥血管通畅率,同时存在减少MACE的趋势。

另据共同第一作者朱云鹏医生介绍,抗血小板治疗对于CABG术后的治疗获益应该远不局限于桥血管通畅,更在于临床事件(死亡、心梗、脑梗、再次血运重建等)的获益。由于CABG的独特之处,桥血管病变与临床MACE的关联不像支架再狭窄与临床MACE的关联那么强烈而明确。故随刊发表的国外权威学者评论也指出,期待DACAB研究的长期随访结果和世界范围内更多的同领域临床研究的开展,进一步证实强化抗血小板治疗对CABG术后临床终点疗效的获益。

▍梅斯点评

CABG术后远期通畅率,一直是临床关心的问题,术后积极抗血小板治疗,被认为是其中重要的策略。但是,研究认为一年 术后SVG闭塞率在15-20%,这些患者往往容易再发心梗,甚至死亡。因此,如何进一步降低桥血管闭塞,也成为新的热点。2013年一项meta分析发现,氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林,能更好降低桥血管闭塞率。目前多项指南都推荐双抗作为降低CABG术后桥血管闭塞率的重要的方案,但是缺乏大样本、高级别推荐证据。同时,过去还有部分研究结果存在争议,如早期的 CASCADE研究发现阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷与单纯阿司匹林相比,并没有观察到抑制大隐静脉血管桥(SVG)的内膜增生。这很有可能与研究人群的风险度相对较低,阿司匹林本身就已能提供足够的保护。那么,在更高的风险人群中,如何有效达到保护作用?另外,PLATO-CABG亚组结果提示替格瑞洛显著降低CABG术后死亡风险和心血管死亡风险,那么,替格瑞洛降低CABG术后的死亡风险主要获益原因是否与桥血管闭塞率下降有关呢?这篇研究正好回答这个问题。


一项好的研究应该是回答临床当下的难题,同时通过科学严谨的设计,提供有力的证据支持。本研究最终发现CABG 1年后联合治疗组隐静脉移植物通畅率为88.7%,替格瑞洛单药组为82.8%,阿司匹林组仅为76.5%,这也进一步提示,采用单纯阿司匹林治疗,在常规人群中CABG术后一年闭塞率仍然在15%左右。而阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛可以提高通畅率12%,这是非常显著的一个数字。这项研究会为双抗治疗作为CABG术后桥血管闭塞提供有力的证据支持。未来将进一步观察通畅率与心血管事件、心脏功能之间的因果关系,为改进CABG,减少心血管剩余风险,提供更多的支持。

同时,这项研究在中国本土的产生,也体现中国本土临床专家在心血管领域前沿问题的话语权,相信未来会有更多的类似研究出现,提升中国学者在国际上的整体影响力。

参考文献
Qiang zhao,Yunpeng zhu,Zhiyun xu et al. Effect of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin, Ticagrelor Alone, or Aspirin Alone on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency 1 Year After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. JAMA. 2018;319(16):1677-1686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3197

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    2018-04-28 yuandd
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    腻害

    0

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    2018-04-27 owlhealth

    不错耶.学习了

    0

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    2018-04-27 15938038573红旗飘飘

    已学习

    0

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    2018-04-27 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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