必须知道:同型半胱氨酸是心脑血管疾病的独立危险因子

2018-12-26 佚名 医学检验圈by华通医疗

H型高血压相信大家不陌生。它是一种有高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hcy)的原发性高血压(>10umol/L)。北京大学第一医院李建平教授等在一项6城市的研究数据显示,我国成年高血压患者中,H型高血压约占75%。


H型高血压相信大家不陌生。它是一种有高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hcy)的原发性高血压(>10umol/L)。北京大学第一医院李建平教授等在一项6城市的研究数据显示,我国成年高血压患者中,H型高血压约占75%。

同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)是一种人体内的含硫氨基酸,为蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸代谢过程中的重要中间产物。许多学者认为血液Hcy升高已成为动脉粥样硬化发生的一个独立危险因子,能够让四分之三的高血压患者脑卒中死亡风险增加数倍。

同型半胱氨酸的检测逐步成为国内众多医院的住院必检项目、40岁以上人群的体检常规项目。导致人体内同型半胱氨酸的水平升高包括:遗传缺陷、疾病因素、药物因素、生活方式等原因。检验医学网检验医学网

同型半胱氨酸致病机理

Hcy通过多种途径损伤血管,它损伤血管内皮细胞同时刺激血管平滑肌细胞生长,二者导致的损伤阻塞血流通路;

Hcy还破坏正常凝血机制;增加血栓形成引起心脏病发作及中风风险。

1、通过氧化和亚硝化反应对血管内皮产生毒性;

2、刺激血管以及心肌平滑肌细胞增生,参与动脉粥样硬化的产生;

3、促使心肌细胞钙超载,易引发心肌缺血、梗死等病理变化;

4、酰化反应参与致血栓、动脉粥样硬化形成作用;检验医学网

5、干扰谷胱甘肽合成;

6、影响体内转甲基化反应,进而影响细胞的发育与分化。

哪些人需要做Hcy检查?

①已有冠心病、脑血管病或周围动脉粥样硬化病者;

②有高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、吸烟者;

③有冠心病或动脉粥样硬化家族史者,尤其是直系亲属中有早发病或早病死者;检验医学网

④有黄瘤或黄疣者;

⑤有家族性高脂血症者;

⑥40岁以上男性及绝经期后女性。

Hcy参考值

空腹血浆总Hcy水平正常值为5~15umol/L;

理想值<10umol/L;

高于15umol/L被认为是高Hcy血症;

将高Hcy分为轻、中、重度,其空腹血浆浓度分别为15~30、31~100及大于100umol/L。检验医学网

Hcy与临床

1、HCY与心血管

有学者在动物实验中观察到注射Hcy后引起高Hcy血症,2—3个月后发生动脉粥样硬化。认为高Hcy血症是发生动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。

有研究表明:轻度、中度Hcy水平升高可使心血管疾病死亡危险性增加4~6倍,血浆总Hcy水平每升高5μmol/L则CHD危险性男性增加60%,女性增加80%。

2、HCY与神经系统疾病

Hcy在脑卒中的作用日益受到重视,Hcy的升高是与中风有重要关联的危险因子。美国最新的数据显示中年后期男性中风发病率,处于55-64这个年龄段的男性相对于45-54年龄段的男性而言,前者患中风的几率是后者的三倍。检验医学网

3、HCY与糖尿病及并发症

国内外大量研究结果显示,血浆Hcy水平可作为2-型糖尿病患者患大血管疾病的独立危险因素。

监测糖尿病患者Hcy水平有利于对其预后的评估。Hcy升高在糖尿病伴肾脏、视网膜及血管并发症的患者更为严重,高Hcy血症也能促进糖尿病微血管并发症的发生与发展。

4、HCY与慢性肾功能衰竭

慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者普遍有高Hcy血症,其发生率是正常人33倍。

尿毒症时一方面肝脏蛋氨酸腺苷转移酶活性升高,导致S-腺苷蛋氨酸水平升高;另一方面肾功能下降使Hcy代谢的必需产物——丝氨酸合成减少,导致Hcy代谢受抑制引起Hcy的堆积。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1922270, encodeId=d82819222e0f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=86fd36e769e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#危险因子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36776, encryptionId=86fd36e769e, topicName=危险因子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e656479, createdName=achengzhao, createdTime=Sun Jan 06 21:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366493, encodeId=090736649301, content=需要大规模的科普宣教, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/05/08/0e700d813dcbcae60922e548e3671339.jpg, createdBy=4b082565885, createdName=清的, createdTime=Mon May 20 10:48:36 CST 2019, time=2019-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=356593, encodeId=0d5435659399, content=国人对HCY的危害认识不够。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdgSW0vVibEHQRlKXLlvMibvcHmy5ibwM7Luib2am6ywX6FqBrXibF8k7JVEzriaOSghltmYz1nomRd6TgSp2Yj9xHGAY/0, createdBy=9b2f2045808, createdName=haige, createdTime=Fri Dec 28 09:00:12 CST 2018, time=2018-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1348841, encodeId=ceee134884150, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=774951e17e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脑血管疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51717, encryptionId=774951e17e1, topicName=心脑血管疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Fri Dec 28 07:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428770, encodeId=792a1428e7019, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c9ae85106df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑血管疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85106, encryptionId=c9ae85106df, topicName=脑血管疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=13c94134529, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Dec 28 07:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1498519, encodeId=5a91149851936, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bb6f89e145a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89714, encryptionId=bb6f89e145a, topicName=血管疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ccb99370406, createdName=andy2090, createdTime=Fri Dec 28 07:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-05-20 清的

    需要大规模的科普宣教

    0

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    2018-12-28 haige

    国人对HCY的危害认识不够。

    0

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