Nature:棕色脂肪组织消耗脂肪产热的基因调控机理

2017-06-15 MedSci MedSci原创

这一研究,为研究棕色脂肪组织的产热机理提供了新的理论,并且提供了新的手段调控UCP1蛋白,已达到消耗脂肪产热的作用。未来可能通过此机理开发调节棕色脂肪组织代谢的药物。

棕色脂肪组织(beige fat tissue)是一种发热脂肪组织,通过消耗能量产生热量,以保护机体免受低体温带来的伤害。区别于囤积脂肪的白色脂肪组织,棕色脂肪组织能够燃烧脂肪,从而被认为是治疗肥胖和其肥胖相关的代谢疾病的重要目标。已知棕色脂肪组织中,表达大量的UCP1蛋白,其功能是降低细胞内负责能量代谢的线粒体的跨膜电压梯度,使脂肪迅速燃烧产热而不产生ATP。 然而,当机体开始暴露于低温情况下,关于棕色脂肪组织的生热能力的基因转录机制还不是很清楚。

在最新上线的Nature杂志中,Matthew J. Emmett及其同事报导了他们的发现,组蛋白脱乙酰酶3(Histone deacetylase 3, HDAC3)能够促进激活棕色脂肪组织,是确保其发热能力所必需的。

研究人员将实验小鼠从原本的室温(22℃)转移到4℃的低温环境下,通过这一急性的暴露于低温的实验模型发现,不表达HDAC3蛋白的棕色脂肪组织的小鼠变得迅速的失去原本的体温,并且有更多的老鼠死于低温。研究人员进一步发现, 缺乏HDAC3的棕色脂肪组织中几乎不存在解偶联蛋白1(UCP1),通过深度基因测序发现,缺失HDAC3的棕色脂肪组织中与线粒体氧化磷酸化相关的基因也显着下调,从而导致线粒体中氧化呼吸反应减少。

值得注意的是,虽然通常情况下HDAC3作为转录抑制因子抑制基因的转录,但在棕色脂肪组织中,HDAC3能够促进雌激素相关受体α(estrogen-related receptor a, ERRα)的激活。 HDAC3激活ERRα蛋白是通过其介导的PGC-1α蛋白的脱乙酰化,而这一过程是转录Ucp1基因的必要步骤。

重要的是,HDAC3刺激促进这些基因的转录并不受肾上腺素的调控。因此,HDAC3能够独立地引发Ucp1转录表达和生热,以保持棕褐色脂肪组织中产热的关键能力,可以在暴露于危险的寒冷温度下快速的触发。

这一研究,为研究棕色脂肪组织的产热机理提供了新的理论,并且提供了新的手段调控UCP1蛋白,已达到消耗脂肪产热的作用。未来可能通过此机理开发调节棕色脂肪组织代谢的药物。

原始出处:
Matthew J. Emmett et al., Histone deacetylase 3 prepares brown adipose tissue for acute thermogenic challenge. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22819

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    2018-02-06 liye789132251
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    2017-06-17 lou.minghong

    问题是,如何提高棕色脂肪的占比。

    0

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    2017-06-16 1771ae4158m

    学习一下很不错

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