Protein & Cell:揭示老年人新冠高致病率的血液免疫学基础

2020-08-15 BSC BioArt

最近的研究表明,相比于年轻群体,老年群体中新型冠状肺炎(COVID-19)的发病率、危重症发生率以及死亡率显着增加。然而目前人们对血液免疫细胞与年龄相关的变化尚缺乏对全面系统的认识。

衰老与一系列组织功能障碍引起的疾病发病率增加密切相关。在自然衰老过程中机体内出现的促炎症反应状态慢性进行性升高的现象,被称为 “炎性衰老” ,是导致年龄相关的免疫失衡的常见原因。自然衰老过程中免疫学变化通常表现为多种免疫细胞组成的改变和免疫功能下降。最近的研究表明,相比于年轻群体,老年群体中新型冠状肺炎(COVID-19)的发病率、危重症发生率以及死亡率显着增加。然而目前人们对血液免疫细胞与年龄相关的变化尚缺乏对全面系统的认识。而且,衰老引起的免疫系统失调如何使得COVID-19发病率和死亡率升高的发生机制尚不清楚。

2020年8月11日,中山大学中山眼科中心苏文如研究组、中国科学院动物研究所刘光慧研究组、第二军医大学国家肝癌中心王红阳研究组和中国科学院动物研究所曲静研究组合作在Protein & Cell杂志上发表题为 A human circulating immune cell landscape in aging and COVID-19 的论文。该研究通过对年轻、年老健康人群以及COVID-19患者外周血单个核细胞进行单细胞转录组测序(scRNA-seq)、流式质谱(CyTOF)分析以及单细胞染色质开放可及性染色质测序(scATAC-seq),首次建立人类衰老相关的外周血免疫细胞的高通量单细胞多组学图谱,并系统阐述了衰老相关血液中免疫细胞的表型、转录水平与染色质可及性水平的变化,揭示了老年群体COVID-19发病率升高以及预后更差的免疫细胞状态变化机制,为理解COVID-19患者老年群体的危重症发生机制及发展新冠肺炎的新型治疗手段提供重要思路。

研究结合了scRNA-seq,CyTOF和scATAC-seq,比较了年轻和老年健康受试者以及COVID-19患者的外周血中免疫细胞的表型、转录水平和染色质可及性水平的变化。研究者发现,随着年龄的增长,血液免疫细胞图谱发生了改变,其特征是T细胞从幼稚和记忆细胞向效应性、细胞毒性、耗竭性和调节性细胞转化,晚期NK细胞、炎性单核细胞以及年龄相关的B细胞(ABC)增加。研究人员进一步绘制了衰老过程中细胞谱系之间,以及亚群之间转录水平和染色质可及性的变化。此外,研究还揭示了与年龄相关的树突状细胞的免疫学特征,其表现为高表达IFN刺激基因,而抗原呈递能力降低。进一步通过单细胞TCR和BCR分析发现,随着年龄增加,效应性T细胞、细胞毒性T细胞、耗竭性T细胞亚群以及ABC亚群表现为多样性降低和克隆性增加。

此外结合COVID-19患者样品,研究发现衰老导致新冠病毒相关受体分子表达显着升高,如BSG (编码CD147蛋白)、DPP4 (编码CD26蛋白)、ITGB1、NFATC1、PPIB以及ANPEP ,自然衰老过程中易感基因的升高有可能是老年群体新冠病毒感染率增加的重要原因之一。免疫系统失调,例如“淋巴细胞减少症”和“炎性风暴”,与COVID-19严重程度密切相关。研究发现衰老使得T细胞比例(尤其是幼稚亚群)显着下降,而单核细胞比例和上调炎症基因表达升高。这可能诱导老年患者的发生“淋巴细胞减少症”和“炎性风暴”的阈值下降,从而导致老年COVID-19危重症发生率以及死亡率显着增加。总之,老年群体免疫系统失调可能是造成老年COVID-19发病率和死亡率高居不下的重要节点之一。

该研究首次在单细胞层面展现了衰老和COVID-19的血液免疫学特征。这一研究成果不仅拓展了人们对衰老免疫学基础的认识,也加深了人们对COVID-19患者老年群体发病率和死亡率增加机制的理解,同时为衰老和COVID-19的转化医学研究开拓了思路。

据悉,中山大学中山眼科中心苏文如教授、中国科学院动物研究所刘光慧研究员、第二军医大学国家肝癌科学中心王红阳院士和中国科学院动物研究所曲静研究员为共同通讯作者。中山大学中山眼科中心郑颖丰教授、硕士研究生刘秀兴,武汉市汉口医院乐文卿主任,中山大学中山眼科中心硕士研究生谢利辉,博士研究生李贺,第二军医大学国家肝癌科学中心文文副研究员,中国科学院动物研究所王思副研究员为共同第一作者。研究得到中山大学中山眼科中心肖传乐教授、中国科学院北京基因组研究所张维绮研究员、中国科学院动物研究所宋默识研究员、北京大学韩敬东教授的合作和协助。

原始出处:

Yingfeng Zheng, Xiuxing Liu, Wenqing Le, et al.A human circulating immune cell landscape in aging and COVID-19.Protein Cell. 2020 Aug 11;1-31. doi: 10.1007/s13238-020-00762-2.

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    2021-04-25 爆笑小医
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    2020-08-17 sunylz
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    2020-08-15 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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