GWICC 2013:心血管疾病患者的血糖管理能使患者获益

2013-10-22 北京大学人民医院 孙艺红 中国医学论坛报

在我国,无论是农村还是城市,心血管疾病(CVD)已经成为主要的死亡原因。已有大量研究表明,糖代谢异常与CVD之间存在着密切的联系。最新发表的大型流行病学调查结果显示,我国18岁及以上成人的糖尿病估测患病率为11.6%,约1.139亿人。然而,近年发表的临床研究及市场调研均表明,我国心内科临床医师对血糖异常的重视程度不足,大量的CVD合并糖代谢异常的患者未被诊出。 为提

在我国,无论是农村还是城市,心血管疾病(CVD)已经成为主要的死亡原因。已有大量研究表明,糖代谢异常与CVD之间存在着密切的联系。最新发表的大型流行病学调查结果显示,我国18岁及以上成人的糖尿病估测患病率为11.6%,约1.139亿人。然而,近年发表的临床研究及市场调研均表明,我国心内科临床医师对血糖异常的重视程度不足,大量的CVD合并糖代谢异常的患者未被诊出。

为提高心内科医生对血糖管理的重视,作为国内最重要的心血管科研及临床学术交流平台,长城会始终关注并推动CVD与糖代谢异常的研究。已成功举办了13届的血糖论坛,旨在通过介绍当前国内外相关领域前沿学术资讯促进心血管领域血糖代谢异常的研究和临床进步,现已成为重要的跨学科学术交流平台。

20131ESC糖尿病糖尿病前期及心血管疾病防治指南更新要点解读

今年9月,欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)和欧洲糖尿病研究学会(EASD)合作推出了新版《糖尿病、糖尿病前期和心血管疾病指南》。

新版指南明确指出,糖耐量受损(IGT)人群的CVD风险不容忽视,血糖升高与血管病变呈连续性,后者始于IGT阶段。流行病学调查与临床研究结果均表明,IGT人群的心血管风险与餐后血糖水平呈线性相关,但与空腹血糖水平相关性不明确。因此,IGT人群积极控制餐后血糖非常重要。

对于已诊断为糖尿病的CVD患者,新版指南推荐了3类降糖药物:胰岛素供应剂、胰岛素增敏剂和葡萄糖吸收抑制剂。新指南建议血糖控制应该个体化,此外,在控制血糖的同时,还应对血压、血脂等风险因素进行综合干预。

餐后代谢管理在CVD综合干预中占据重要地位

大量流行病学研究证实,餐后血糖与心血管事件的发生密切相关‘。有研究表明,餐后代谢状态是心血管事件的一个独立预测因素,纠正餐后代谢紊乱将是防治心血管疾病的重要策略之一。

研究表明,餐后血脂、血压变化对心脑血管事件的发生有不同程度的影响。与空腹血糖比较,餐后血糖对心血管事件及死亡的影响作用更明显。故餐后血糖、血脂及血压异常变化应作为CVD新的危险因素来加以认识和控制。

有研究表明,阿卡波糖可通过抑制氧化应激达到改善血管内皮功能、减缓动脉粥样硬化发展、实现显著降低糖尿病患者心血管事件风险的目的。

门诊CAD患者进行血糖筛查的优化路径探索

目前我国心内科医生对经治患者糖代谢状况筛查以及干预重视程度不足。有研究结果表明,我国门诊高血压患者口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)筛查率低至5.4%,因此,目前亟需将心内科糖尿病诊治流程和操作方法系统化、规范化,提升心内科临床医生血糖管理的意识,及早预防、治疗糖尿病及其并发症。

在冠心病(CAD)和高血压患者中进行的一项糖代谢异常门诊筛查流程及现状调查纳入了7757例患者,先行空腹或随机血糖初筛,再行OGTT筛查。从患者对检查的依从性和成本两方面考虑,选择OGTT作为筛查工具是临床中的可行方式。研究结果显示,随机血糖正常的CAD患者中,部分存在糖耐量减低。因此,为降低糖尿病患者及IGT人群的漏诊率,建议将OGTT筛查推广到所有确诊CAD患者中。

本次血糖论坛不仅带来了最新的国际学术成果,还对优化心内科血糖管理做出了积极有益的探索。新版欧洲糖尿病、糖尿病前期及心血管疾病指南为心内科血糖管理提供了新的诊疗指导,也进一步明确了早期、个体化以及综合管理的策略。对异常餐后代谢的管理,未来可能成为预防或治疗心血管疾病的一个新策略。心血管领域血糖管理已走过半个多世纪的辉煌的历程,但前进的脚步从未停止,血糖论坛仍将继续推动我国心内科血糖管理研究的进程,开创未来心血管疾病诊疗新模式。

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    2013-10-24 docwu2019
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