Adv Mater:“聚集诱导发光”(AIE)新应用,肿瘤细胞的放疗增敏

2017-05-28 佚名 MaterialsViews

放射治疗是对肿瘤部位造成高能电离辐射的治疗手段,目前已经成为治疗肺癌、结直肠癌、食道癌等癌症的一线治疗手段。尤其是对于无法切除的肿瘤,放射治疗更是主要的控制方法。对于局部晚期肿瘤,放射治疗能够缩小肿瘤体积为手术治疗争取可能。但是,由于肿瘤细胞对放射治疗产生的耐受性常常导致放射治疗的失败。针对这一问题,研究人员开发出了多种放疗增敏剂,目的是使肿瘤细胞对放射治疗更加敏感。评价放疗增敏剂效果的重要指标是

放射治疗是对肿瘤部位造成高能电离辐射的治疗手段,目前已经成为治疗肺癌结直肠癌、食道癌等癌症的一线治疗手段。尤其是对于无法切除的肿瘤,放射治疗更是主要的控制方法。对于局部晚期肿瘤,放射治疗能够缩小肿瘤体积为手术治疗争取可能。但是,由于肿瘤细胞对放射治疗产生的耐受性常常导致放射治疗的失败。针对这一问题,研究人员开发出了多种放疗增敏剂,目的是使肿瘤细胞对放射治疗更加敏感。评价放疗增敏剂效果的重要指标是SER10,即the sensitizer enhancement ratio at 10% cell survival,其值越高说明放疗增敏剂的增敏能力越强。

化疗药物例如紫杉醇,顺铂等是临床上常用的放疗增敏剂。然而,放疗联合化疗药物治疗经常导致毒副作用过大,使患者难以承受。最近,许多研究者将兴趣聚焦在无毒副作用的金纳米粒子上,其独特的放疗增敏机制使其成为非常有前景的放疗增敏剂。然而,无论是临床化疗药物,还是金纳米粒子,它们的放疗增敏效果仍有很大的提升空间。例如,在肺癌治疗中,二者的SER10值都不超过1.41。因此,寻求更加卓越的放疗增敏剂仍迫在眉睫。

先前的研究表明,线粒体在肿瘤放疗增敏中发挥了关键的作用。放疗最终导致的肿瘤细胞凋亡也是由线粒体调控的。不仅如此,在线粒体中的氧化应激能够导致线粒体膜通透性的改变,与肿瘤细胞放疗增敏息息相关。受此启发,香港科技大学唐本忠院士课题组、南开大学丁丹教授课题组与南京医科大学李晓林博士合作,设计了一种基于“聚集诱导发光”(Aggregation-induced emission; AIE)特性的线粒体靶向的放疗增敏剂DPA-SCP。DPA-SCP能够有效靶向肿瘤细胞的线粒体,开启红色荧光,并且在白光照射下产生单线态氧。重要的是,在线粒体中产生的单线态氧能够有效地在肿瘤细胞中提供氧化微环境,该氧化微环境对于增强肿瘤细胞对放射治疗的敏感性起到了关键作用。

研究团队在DPA-SCP的设计中采用了AIE荧光材料,克服了传统光敏剂聚集诱导淬灭荧光和无法在聚集态有效产生单线态氧等问题。DPA-SCP在水相环境中荧光信号很弱,而在靶向到肿瘤细胞的线粒体之后能够产生极强的荧光信号。此外,聚集在肿瘤细胞线粒体中的DPA-SCP在白光照射下能够有效产生单线态氧,在线粒体中形成氧化环境,从而极大地增强了肿瘤细胞对放射治疗的敏感性。

在该体系中值得关注的是通过优化条件,例如调节白光功率和照射时间等,DPA-SCP在线粒体中产生的单线态氧对肿瘤细胞本身并没有实质性的杀伤作用,但是一旦与放射治疗联手,便能够发挥出远远优于化疗药物和金纳米粒子的协同治疗效果。细胞克隆实验表明,DPA-SCP对肺癌A549细胞放疗增敏的SER10值高达1.62。在相同实验条件下,金纳米粒子的SER10值为1.19, 化疗药物紫杉醇的SER10值为1.32, 证明了DPA-SCP出众的放疗增敏效果。由于DPA-SCP在线粒体中产生的单线态氧对肿瘤细胞无杀伤作用甚至也不会引起肿瘤细胞凋亡,该研究团队将这样的协同方式命名为“0 + 1 > 1”。

为了进一步探究其机制,研究团队分析了肿瘤细胞中凋亡存活通路中关键蛋白水平的变化。通过实验他们发现将DPA-SCP光照处理后再进行放射治疗的实验组,其PI3k/Akt和MAPK两条促存活通路蛋白p-Akt 和 p-ERK都有所降低,而相应的凋亡通路蛋白Bax,Bad,Caspase-3等水平都明显上调。结果表明DPA-SCP光照产生的单线态氧与放射治疗在肿瘤治疗当中具有很好的协同效果。该实验结果与细胞克隆实验相互验证,从机理上进一步做出了阐释。

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    2017-05-31 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

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    2017-05-28 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,好文章

    0