Sci Adv :ARID1A缺失促进神经母细胞瘤细胞的肾上腺素能-间充质转化

2020-07-27 酶美 BioArt

研究发现ARID1A的缺失导致BAF和PBAF复合体在增强子上的分布改变,进而调控增强子活性并改变基因表达水平,更进一步导致了神经母细胞瘤细胞从ADRN细胞向MES细胞的转变。

肿瘤总死亡人数的15%1。MYCN基因扩增(MYCN amplification)是神经母细胞瘤最常见的遗传异常,并与晚期疾病(多为三期或者四期)以及不良预后呈正相关2。MYCN基因扩增的神经母细胞瘤往往伴随着染色体1p36的杂合性缺失,ARID1A作为SWI/SNF染色质重塑复合体(chromatin-remodeling complexes)在恶性肿瘤中突变率最高的亚基,也分布在此区域。

根据超级增强子偶联的转录因子表达网络,神经母细胞瘤细胞可以分为两个不同的谱系,即肾上腺素能(ADRN)细胞和间充质(MES)细胞,两种细胞可以在一定条件下发生相互转化3。相较于ADRN细胞,MES细胞具有更强的耐药性和迁移能力。

近日,Science Advances 在线发表了美国哈佛医学院Dana-Farber肿瘤研究所A. Thomas Look教授团队(施回博士和陶挺博士为文章的共同第一作者)的成果:ARID1A loss in neuroblastoma promotes the adrenergic-to mesenchymal transition by regulating enhancer-mediated gene expression。研究揭示了ARID1A对神经母细胞瘤的调控和转化。

ARID1A在斑马鱼里有两个同源基因,arid1aa和arid1ab。作者发现,arid1aa或arid1ab仅一个拷贝的缺失就可以促进MYCN诱导的斑马鱼神经母细胞瘤的发生和进展,这表明ARID1A在MYCN诱导的神经母细胞瘤中是一个单倍体不足性肿瘤抑制基因。

随后,作者又在MYCN 基因扩增但ARID1A基因未见缺失或突变的NGP神经母细胞瘤细胞系中进行进一步的机制研究。研究发现,在神经母细胞瘤细胞中,ARID1A的功能缺失可以改变BAF和PBAF染色质重塑复合体在增强子上的分布,进而调控增强子活性并改变基因表达水平。比较有意思的是,他们发现PHOX2B这个基因的增强子信号在ARID1A缺失的细胞里大大减弱,相应RNA和蛋白表达也近乎消失。与之相对的是FN1这个基因的增强子信号在ARID1A缺失的细胞里大幅增加,RNA和蛋白表达也大大增加。而PHOX2B这个基因是ADRN细胞的一个特征转录因子,FN1则是MES细胞的一个重要的特征基因。这意味着ARID1A可能在神经母细胞瘤的细胞状态转换中起着重要的作用。基因富集分析也显示了ARID1A缺失的细胞具有向MES细胞转化的趋势。同时他们还证实了ARID1A缺失的细胞具有更高的对一般化疗药物(顺铂)的耐药性以及更强的迁移能力。

总结来说,该研究发现ARID1A的缺失导致BAF和PBAF复合体在增强子上的分布改变,进而调控增强子活性并改变基因表达水平,更进一步导致了神经母细胞瘤细胞从ADRN细胞向MES细胞的转变,从而获得了更强的迁移能力和耐药性。此外,本研究建立的斑马鱼arid1aa和arid1ab缺失的神经母细胞瘤模型可以进一步用作治疗人类ARID1A缺失的神经母细胞瘤药物的筛选。

原始出处:

View ORCID ProfileHui Shi1, View ORCID ProfileTing Tao, View ORCID ProfileBrian J. Abraham, et al.ARID1A loss in neuroblastoma promotes the adrenergic-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating enhancer-mediated gene expression.Science Advances 15 Jul 2020:Vol. 6, no. 29, eaaz3440DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3440

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神经母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的一种颅外实体瘤,尽管对于该肿瘤目前有包括化疗、外科切除、自体干细胞移植、放疗、药物治疗在内的多种治疗方法,但高危神经母细胞瘤患儿的长期生存率低于40%。