Neurology:经常喝“豆浆”,大脑或会变得更聪明

2021-08-14 Freeeman MedSci原创

多吃大豆类的食品,比如多喝豆浆,脑瓜可能会变得更加灵活。

大豆为亚洲人传统饮食已有几千年,但出现在西方餐桌上成为一种常见的食品,则只有大约60年的历史。现在,东西方许多超市都有很多大豆食品,如豆奶、大豆汉堡包和其他以大豆代替肉类的素食产品,当然还有形形色色的传统豆制品,如豆腐、豆豉、豆浆、味噌和酱油等等。

除了是美味食品,大豆饮食相比其他食品,还能降低罹患心脏病的风险。大豆可提供蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素B、纤维、铁、钙和锌等人体所需营养,是一种可取代肉类的健康食物,因此在西方越来越受欢迎。

世界正在经历快速的老龄化,与年龄相关的认知能力下降和痴呆症的全球流行率预计将大幅上升。认知能力下降和痴呆症造成的功能障碍不仅影响患者,也给家庭和社会带来巨大负担。目前仍缺乏对痴呆症的有效治疗方法,突出了预防策略的重要性。主观认知能力下降(SCD)--当自我感觉到认知能力下降,但无法检测到客观的认知障碍时,可能会在临床上明显的轻度认知障碍和痴呆症之前发生。导致痴呆的脑部病变可能在SCD之前几年甚至几十年就已经发生了。痴呆症的漫长临床前阶段可能是预防的关键窗口。

在认知能力下降的可改变的风险因素中,饮食已受到越来越多的关注。


类黄酮是一组天然存在于植物中的植物化学物质,长期以来被认为是强大的抗氧化剂。考虑到氧化应激在与年龄有关的认知衰退中可能发挥的作用,类黄酮已被提议作为防止认知功能恶化的潜在有效药剂。尽管一些小型的短期干预试验提供了一些证据来支持类黄酮对认知衰退的有益作用,但流行病学研究仍然没有结论。

而豆制品中,豆浆就是最常见的富含类黄酮的事物来源。

此外,不同的类黄酮亚类和有助于类黄酮摄入的特定食物是否与认知功能拥有不同的关系还不清楚。

因此,哈佛大学的Tian-Shin Yeh等人,利用两个大型前瞻性队列,在超过20年随访中,全面重复饮食评估,调查了类黄酮的摄入量与随后的SCD之间的关系。


他们对护士健康研究(NHS)(1984-2006年)的49493名女性和健康专家随访研究(HPFS)(1986-2002年)的27842名男性进行了跟踪调查。Poisson回归法被用来评估膳食类黄酮(黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮、黄烷-3-醇、花青素、聚合类黄酮和原花青素)与随后的SCD之间的关系。

对于NHS来说,长期平均膳食摄入量是通过七次重复的食物频率问卷(SFFQs)计算出来的,SCD在2012年和2014年被评估。对于HPFS来说,平均膳食摄入量是通过五次重复的SFFQ计算出来的,SCD在2008年和2012年评估。

他们发现,在调整了年龄、总能量摄入、主要非饮食因素和特定饮食因素后,较高的总黄酮摄入与较低的SCD几率有关

比较总黄酮摄入量的最高五分位数和最低五分位数,对应ORs(95% CIs)=0.81(0.76,0.89)。

在汇总的结果中,黄酮(OR=0.62 [0.57, 0.68])、黄烷酮(0.64 [0.58, 0.68])和花青素(0.76 [0.72, 0.84])于SCD的关联性最强。

黄酮的剂量反应曲线最陡峭,其次是花青素。

许多富含黄酮的食物,如草莓、橙子、葡萄柚、柑橘汁、苹果/梨、芹菜、辣椒和香蕉,与SCD的低几率明显相关。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:较高的类黄酮摄入量对维持美国男性和女性的认知功能有好处。

拓展来看,多吃大豆类的食品,比如多喝豆浆,脑瓜可能会变得更加灵活。

原文出处:
Yeh TS, Yuan C, Ascherio A, Rosner B, Willett W, Blacker D. Long-term Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Subjective Cognitive Decline in US Men and Women [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jul 28]. _Neurology_. 2021;10.1212/WNL.0000000000012454. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012454

评论区 (5)
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    2022-06-04 yinhl1978

    #Neurol#

    0

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    2021-08-16 gostraight

    #豆浆#

    0

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    2021-08-16 智智灵药

    #豆浆#

    0

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    2021-08-16 Boyinsh

    #聪明#

    0

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    2021-08-15 123de590m20暂无昵称

    学习了。谢谢

    0

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研究指出,虽然59.3%的社会联系人居住在10英里范围内,但他们提供的支持多为间歇性,难以覆盖日常用药的全流程。

Lancet子刊:沉浸式康复新突破,VR 认知矫正显著改善心境与精神病谱系障碍患者功能

这项研究为精神疾病的认知康复开辟了新的道路,VR-CRT有望成为一种可扩展、高依从性的跨诊断治疗手段,帮助更多精神疾病患者回归正常生活。

生物钟基因与认知障碍疾病的相关性研究进展

生物钟基因紊乱通过神经炎症、线粒体损伤、Aβ沉积、tau过度磷酸化等通路介导认知障碍,与PND、PD、AD病理高度重叠。靶向节律调控为干预提供新方向。

2026 AHA科学声明:血管对认知障碍和脑健康的贡献-临床更新和机制考虑

美国心脏协会(AHA,American Heart Association) · 2026-05-26

老年人认知障碍预防干预技术标准

中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会 · 2026-02-28

老年人认知障碍的非药物预防中国指南

中国神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2025-12-30