Lancet Global Health:人类感染SARS-CoV-2的血清学证据汇总

2021-03-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

现有的血清学证据表明,没有个人防护设备的密切接触者和医护人员感染的风险较高。在大多数环境下,人群免疫远未实现。

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由SARS-CoV-2引起的COVID-19大流行于2019年12月在中国武汉首次报道,并迅速在全球传播。由于各种因素的影响,SARS-CoV-2感染的真实人数无疑远远高于官方报告的病例数,包括无症状感染的发生、对临床轻微病例的不同医疗保健寻求、不同国家的不同检测策略、假阴性病毒学检测,以及不完整的病例报告等。因此,根据临床鉴定和病毒学确诊COVID-19的病例只占很小的比例,在普通人群中有大量的无症状和轻度感染者只有通过血清流行病学研究才能确定。

血清学研究是一个有用的工具,可用来估计以前感染的人口比例,量化病原体传播的程度,估计感染致死率,评估干预措施的效果,以及在有相关保护措施时,估计人口免疫程度。在规划公共卫生决策时,从血清学监测中获得的信息对决策者和卫生人员很有价值。

在COVID-19大流行的12个月期间,世界各地发表了几项血清学调查报告,但对血清流行度的估计值存在很大差异,这可能主要是由于世界各地发病率的不同,但也存在不同的采样策略和使用的分析方法。有研究小组综合、结合和评估了这个庞大的数据库,该研究结果近日发表在Lancet Global Health期刊上。

在这篇系统综述和荟萃分析中,研究者在PubMed、Embase、科学网和五个预印本服务器上搜索了2019年12月1日至2020年12月22日期间以英语发表的文章。包括在该地区第一例确诊病例后评估人类SARS-CoV-2血清学流行性分析的研究。所有用于分析的数据均从纳入的论文中提取。采用标准化量表评估研究质量。估计了世卫组织各地区和不同暴露水平的亚人群的年龄特异性、性别特异性和种族特异性血清流行率,以及血清学确定的感染与病毒学确诊病例的比率。

初步搜索中确定了16506项研究,删除重复和不适当标题和摘要后评估了2523项研究的合格性,荟萃分析包括404项血清学研究(代表5168360人的试验)。在82项高质量的研究中,密切接触者(18.0%,95%ci15.7.20.3)和高风险医护人员(17.1%,9.9.24.4)的血清患病率高于低风险医护人员(4.2%,1.56.9)和一般人群(8.0%,6.89.2)。纳入研究之间的异质性很高,总体I为99.9%(p<0.0001)。世卫组织各地区血清流行率差异很大,西太平洋地区普通人群血清流行率最低(1.7%,95%ci0.05.0)。美洲地区(6·9,95%CI 2·7 17·3)和欧洲地区(8·4,6·5 10·7)的合并感染病例比率相似,但东南亚地区唯一有数据的国家印度(56·5,28·5 112·0)的合并感染病例比率较高。年轻人(<20岁)和老年人(65岁)血清阳性率低于20-64岁的人,男女之间血清阳性率无显著差异。

2019年12月1日至2020年12月22日研究人群SARS-CoV-2血清调查地理分布

血清检测到的感染与COVID-19确诊病例的估计比例

血清流行率反映了社区传播的持续时间和强度。通过回归分析,研究者发现报告病例的累积发病率越高,血清流行率越高。对于有确诊病例数数据的地区,每个确诊病例的感染人数差别很大,尽管欧洲和美国的平均估计数相似。这些证据表明社区中存在许多未发现的病例,并提供了一系列比例因子,将观察到的确诊病例转化为社区中未观察到的感染。

总的来说,现有的血清学证据表明,没有个人防护设备的密切接触者和医护人员感染的风险较高。SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体在普通人群中的流行率相对较低,表明大多数受检人群尚未感染,在大多数环境下,人群免疫远未实现。现有的大多数血清流行性研究质量普遍较低,表明研究设计、实验室方法和结果调整的差异对SARS-CoV-2人类感染血清学研究的可解释性有影响。因此,迫切需要开展国际合作,使血清学调查和实验室方法标准化。

参考文献:Damian F Santomauro, Sarah Melen, Deborah Mitchison, Theo Vos, Harvey Whiteford, Alize J Ferrari. The hidden burden of eating disorders: an extension of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Glob Health 2021 Published Online March 8, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214109X(21)00026-7

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    2022-01-24 howi
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    2021-03-31 hukaixun
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    2021-06-25 shizhenshan
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    2021-03-12 小刀医生
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    2021-03-11 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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