JAMA N:脑静脉血栓形成的软脑膜强化

2022-03-05 杨中华 “脑血管病及重症文献导读”公众号

患有慢性免疫性血小板减少症,正在服用促血小板生成素受体激动剂eltrombopag联合口服避孕药治疗。

13岁,女孩。

患有慢性免疫性血小板减少症,正在服用促血小板生成素受体激动剂eltrombopag联合口服避孕药治疗。

3周后出现严重间歇性头痛、恶心和低热。神经系统检查正常。血小板计数为125000/μL。MRI(图1)显示上矢状窦前部存在闭塞性血栓,并延伸至皮质静脉。左横窦可见非闭塞性血栓。同时,可见双侧额叶硬脑膜增厚和强化,以及双侧额软脑膜强化(图2)。软脑膜强化常提示细菌性脑膜炎。另一种解释是,软脑膜和硬脑膜的增强完全归因于窦静脉和皮质静脉血栓形成引起的血管变化。

图1. A,3D MRV显示上矢状窦前半部无血流(白色箭头)。B,矢状位三维T1增强显示上矢状窦前半部有充盈缺损(蓝色箭头):

图2. A,轴位T1增强显示双侧软脑膜强化(粉红色箭头)。B,冠状位三维(3-D)T1增强显示血栓(蓝色箭头)以及硬脑膜(白色箭头)和软脑膜(粉色箭头)强化:

由于担心细菌性脑膜炎,进行了腰椎穿刺。脑脊液检查结果正常。脑脊液白细胞计数为2/μL(范围为0-5/μL);蛋白质,23mg/dL(范围12-60mg/dL);葡萄糖为63mg/dL(范围为40-70mg/dL)。继续服用eltrombopag,同时停用口服避孕药。患者完成了3个月的低分子肝素治疗。3个月后的随访影像显示血栓消失,硬脑膜和软脑膜强化消失。

有许多文章报道了脑静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)相关硬脊膜硬脑膜强化。然而,CVST相关软脑膜强化在文献中几乎没有报道,没有具体的病例报告,但在Leach等人的一篇放射学综述文章中提及了一个简短的报道。硬脑膜和软脑膜强化的病因被假设为继发于静脉淤血,由于静脉压升高,可导致脑膜内的小血管扩张。很难区分皮质静脉充血和软脑膜强化。为了帮助区分它们,有必要对多平面增强后影像进行仔细阅片。

区别软脑膜强化与皮质静脉扩张的最佳方法为,前者为沿脑表面延伸至脑沟的连续、几乎均匀的强化。皮质静脉呈管状,强化不均匀且不连续,不伸入脑沟。皮层强化发生在软脑膜深部,通常累及整个皮质外套膜(cortical mantle)。

在本报告中,描述了一名儿科CVST患者的软脑膜和硬脑膜强化的相关发现。在这种情况下,患者的慢性症状,无脑膜炎临床症状以及腰椎穿刺阴性,所以诊断孤立性CSVT具有信心,排除了同时存在的细菌性脑膜炎。

在儿科影像学中,软脑膜强化很常见,鉴别诊断很多,包括脑膜炎、肿瘤、良性颅内高压、Sturge-Weber综合征等血管病变,以及神经鞘瘤病等。细菌性脑膜炎是软脑膜强化的常见原因,大部分CVST是感染的并发症。因此,诊断性腰椎穿刺是必要的,可以鉴别软脑膜强化的原因比如感染,可以做出正确诊断并开始及时和充分的治疗。

本病例报道了CVST患者的软脑膜强化,据我们所知,这是儿科人群中的首次此类报告。

原始出处:

Michell Lozano-Chinga, et al. Leptomeningeal Enhancement Associated With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Feb 1;79(2):195-196. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.4359.

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    2022-11-17 xue8602
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    2022-06-20 fusion
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1955584, encodeId=f69619555846b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0aeb991e44c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99174, encryptionId=0aeb991e44c, topicName=静脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d139492, createdName=xue8602, createdTime=Thu Nov 17 00:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971736, encodeId=1dd419e1736e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ab9935332a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#软脑膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93533, encryptionId=4ab9935332a, topicName=软脑膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/cc81592b507031e3cfd8d4c57911d98b/62c22832a9474aea1ca90ca058aebc03.jpg, createdBy=bed5446, createdName=limedical1974, createdTime=Sun May 08 09:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1698350, encodeId=92fd1698350ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 06:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1239858, encodeId=f5a512398582c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3855851e854' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑静脉血栓形成#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=5b8589096d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85178, encryptionId=3855851e854, topicName=脑静脉血栓形成), TopicDto(id=89096, encryptionId=5b8589096d2, topicName=血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 06:47:07 CST 2022, time=2022-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1200046, encodeId=02911200046fb, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210302/d7aef29f1c284560b978861e2a96fbb2/c495254e3ce54350a8a4f1eb91e884c8.jpg, createdBy=15e55464744, createdName=坚定的心, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 21:55:51 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1199871, encodeId=89a411998e1f7, content=感谢分享case, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 10:53:21 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483312, encodeId=35f61483312ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c82e991e71b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99177, encryptionId=c82e991e71b, topicName=静脉血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d387907505, createdName=ms5187542471278033, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 03:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1199663, encodeId=a984119966345, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=81706401574, createdName=ms4000001148311119, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 15:28:50 CST 2022, time=2022-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1955584, encodeId=f69619555846b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0aeb991e44c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99174, encryptionId=0aeb991e44c, topicName=静脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d139492, createdName=xue8602, createdTime=Thu Nov 17 00:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971736, encodeId=1dd419e1736e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ab9935332a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#软脑膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93533, encryptionId=4ab9935332a, topicName=软脑膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/cc81592b507031e3cfd8d4c57911d98b/62c22832a9474aea1ca90ca058aebc03.jpg, createdBy=bed5446, createdName=limedical1974, createdTime=Sun May 08 09:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1698350, encodeId=92fd1698350ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 06:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1239858, encodeId=f5a512398582c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3855851e854' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑静脉血栓形成#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=5b8589096d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85178, encryptionId=3855851e854, topicName=脑静脉血栓形成), TopicDto(id=89096, encryptionId=5b8589096d2, topicName=血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 06:47:07 CST 2022, time=2022-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1200046, encodeId=02911200046fb, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210302/d7aef29f1c284560b978861e2a96fbb2/c495254e3ce54350a8a4f1eb91e884c8.jpg, createdBy=15e55464744, createdName=坚定的心, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 21:55:51 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1199871, encodeId=89a411998e1f7, content=感谢分享case, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 10:53:21 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483312, encodeId=35f61483312ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c82e991e71b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99177, encryptionId=c82e991e71b, topicName=静脉血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d387907505, createdName=ms5187542471278033, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 03:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1199663, encodeId=a984119966345, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=81706401574, createdName=ms4000001148311119, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 15:28:50 CST 2022, time=2022-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-06 坚定的心

    学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1955584, encodeId=f69619555846b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0aeb991e44c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99174, encryptionId=0aeb991e44c, topicName=静脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d139492, createdName=xue8602, createdTime=Thu Nov 17 00:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971736, encodeId=1dd419e1736e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ab9935332a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#软脑膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93533, encryptionId=4ab9935332a, topicName=软脑膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/cc81592b507031e3cfd8d4c57911d98b/62c22832a9474aea1ca90ca058aebc03.jpg, createdBy=bed5446, createdName=limedical1974, createdTime=Sun May 08 09:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1698350, encodeId=92fd1698350ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 06:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1239858, encodeId=f5a512398582c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3855851e854' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑静脉血栓形成#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=5b8589096d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85178, encryptionId=3855851e854, topicName=脑静脉血栓形成), TopicDto(id=89096, encryptionId=5b8589096d2, topicName=血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 06:47:07 CST 2022, time=2022-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1200046, encodeId=02911200046fb, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210302/d7aef29f1c284560b978861e2a96fbb2/c495254e3ce54350a8a4f1eb91e884c8.jpg, createdBy=15e55464744, createdName=坚定的心, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 21:55:51 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1199871, encodeId=89a411998e1f7, content=感谢分享case, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 10:53:21 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483312, encodeId=35f61483312ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c82e991e71b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99177, encryptionId=c82e991e71b, topicName=静脉血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d387907505, createdName=ms5187542471278033, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 03:12:35 CST 2022, time=2022-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1199663, encodeId=a984119966345, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=81706401574, createdName=ms4000001148311119, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 15:28:50 CST 2022, time=2022-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-06 carrotlyl

    感谢分享case

    0

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    2022-03-05 ms4000001148311119

    学习了

    0

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