前瞻性研究和规范化推广结合,促进以患者疗效为中心的肿瘤腔镜治疗技术发展

2018-08-30 娜小编 肿瘤资讯

第四届全国肿瘤外科腔镜技术高峰论坛在上海举办。对大会的执行主席李心翔教授进行了专访,邀请李教授对本届论坛的特色、论坛组织所遵循的理念、肿瘤外科腔镜技术当前的发展以及本届论坛所启动的重要研究等内容做了介绍。

第四届全国肿瘤外科腔镜技术高峰论坛在上海举办。对大会的执行主席李心翔教授进行了专访,邀请李教授对本届论坛的特色、论坛组织所遵循的理念、肿瘤外科腔镜技术当前的发展以及本届论坛所启动的重要研究等内容做了介绍。

李心翔教授接受肿瘤资讯采访,李心翔教授 主任医师  博士生导师。复旦大学附属肿瘤医院大肠外科主任医师 科副主任,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院腔镜平台执行主任,上海市抗癌协会肿瘤微创治疗专委会腔镜外科学组组长,首届CSCO直肠癌专家委员会委员,CSCO直肠癌诊疗指南执笔人,中西医结合学会普外专委会直肠癌防治专家委员会主任委员,中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专委会腹腔镜专委会副主任委员,中国医师协会肛肠医师分会微创与内镜专委会副主任委员,中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专委会委员,中国医师协会肛肠医师分会委员,中国医师协会内镜医师分会委员,中国研究型医院学会肿瘤外科专业委员会常委兼副秘书长,中国研究型医院学会肿瘤学专业委员会常委,中国医师协会TaTME专业委员会常委,中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专委会TaTME专委会委员

传承与创新

本届论坛设置有主会场以及结直肠癌癌、头颈肿瘤和妇瘤四个分会场,这四个专业也是腔镜手术应用最为广泛的领域。我们旨在通过多学科的交流、探讨,共同促进腔镜技术的发展。本届论坛既有高年资、经验丰富的专家分享经验和前沿研究开展的情况,又有年轻一代的医生展示自己的心得体会与工作创新。

关注患者的肿瘤治疗效果、重视规范化、倡导技术的合理应用

作为外科界非常重要的技术,腔镜手术近些年在全国范围内发展显着,甚至很多基层医院也在常规开展。在腔镜技术的发展上,我们除了关注技术本身外,更加关注的是如何以患者的整体疗效为中心,规范化的使用这些技术。基于这个目标,我们深入探讨了一系列腔镜技术在肿瘤患者应用中的争议话题及适应症的把握等。例如在结直肠领域,当前大力推广的TaTME技术(经肛门结直肠癌手术),我认为在技术开始使用的阶段需要培训、需要强调规范化的理念,从而避免由于技术的过度使用或不当使用对患者造成伤害。

结直肠癌腔镜技术的进展要点

结直肠癌腹腔镜手术并非一项新的技术,从1990年美国开展第一例至今已有28年历史。近10年来,得益于新技术、新工具、新理念的进步,腹腔镜手术发展迅速。以实现微创、根治和功能性/结构性保护等为目标的基础上,发展出的新技术有经肛门全直肠系膜切除(TaTME)手术以及我们中心提出的直肠癌中心入路根治性手术等。

结直肠癌腔镜手术的优势

80%~90%的结直肠癌均适合采用腔镜手术。与开放手术相比,腹腔镜手术的优势不仅仅体现在微创上,更核心的优势在于腹腔镜技术放大5倍以上的高清视野及360度全角度视野更有利于进行精细化操作和高难度部位的清扫,从而有利于开展根治手术。2017年ASCO发布的一篇研究对2万多III期结直肠癌病例进行了统计,对比结直肠癌腹腔镜和开腹手术,结果显示腹腔镜手术降低了17%的患者死亡风险。这项研究提示我们对于局部进展期肠癌,腹腔镜手术在肿瘤的清扫根治方面或可取得更好的手术效果,当然这还需要更多的临床研究来证实。

血管为中心入路的直肠癌根治性手术

复旦大学附属肿瘤医院(上海肿瘤医院)从2008年开始开展结直肠癌腔镜手术,至今已有10余年的经验累积。作为肿瘤专科医院,我们开展腔镜手术有特殊的地方,肿瘤专科需要更多的关注技术对肿瘤整体疗效的影响。我们中心提出的以血管为中心入路的直肠癌根治性手术,强调先静脉后动脉、先血管后平面,即先将肿瘤细胞向远处转移的路径阻断,这项理念是我们开展腔镜治疗多年的经验总结,是以肿瘤根治效果为目标的技术。

腔镜手术对于局部晚期患者获益及风险的研究

对于早期结直肠癌,当前循证医学已经证明腹腔镜手术与开腹手术可以达到同等肿瘤治疗的疗效。我们中心的回顾性研究数据,也证实了这一点,并发表于国际期刊。而对于进展期,即IV期以上的结直肠癌,腹腔镜手术是否可以达到和开腹手术同等的效果,目前缺乏充足的循证医学证据。对于局部晚期患者,腔镜手术是否会增加局部复发和转移的风险,国际上目前尚无明确答案,基于这个问题,去年我们在第三届全国肿瘤外科腔镜技术高峰论坛上发起了一项由复旦肿瘤医院牵头、全国23家中心参与的临床研究,当前仍在入组中。我们希望通过这项研究,能够推动腔镜技术在进展期结直肠癌中的规范化应用,并提供相应的循证医学证据。

推进TaTME技术的规范化发展

TaTME保肛技术对结直肠癌的腔镜治疗是一个非常重大的技术改进,也是结直肠癌腔镜手术发展的一大方向。TaTME完全颠覆了过往腹腔镜手术都是从上到下的入路方法,而是经肛门从下往上的入路。这项技术有很多优势,同时这项技术的解剖层面和操作层面与传统的入路有很大的不同,这就需要我们接受规范化的培训,循序渐进的推动这项技术的规范化发展。

启动新辅助放化疗的局部进展期直肠癌术后辅助化疗前瞻性研究

尽管多学科综合治疗和新辅助放化疗的开展使得局部进展期直肠癌患者的疗效有了显着改善,降低了直肠癌的整体复发率并使一部分相对低位的直肠癌患者提高了保肛的可能性。然而对于新辅助放化疗后接受根治手术的患者是否需要接受后续的药物治疗以及接受何种方案的药物治疗目前尚无定论,当前的指南中亦无明确推荐。本届(第四届)全国肿瘤外科腔镜技术高峰论坛的一大重要事件为:李心翔教授和复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科的章真教授联合启动了一项多中心、前瞻性临床研究,旨在探索新辅助放化疗的cT3b/T4,N+期直肠癌患者行术后辅助化疗的临床价值。该研究的创新之处在于按照肿瘤退缩情况对患者进行分层研究:对于肿瘤放疗后退缩好的患者进行随访和单药化疗的非劣效研究;对病理检查退缩不好的患者进行联合化疗和单药比较的优势研究。该研究或将有助于肿瘤退缩较好的患者避免术后辅助化疗带来的过度治疗风险,并对肿瘤退缩不好的患者提出明确合理的化疗方案的选择。该研究有望为局部晚期的直肠癌患者术后辅助化疗提供高级别的循证医学证据,成为各大临床治疗指南的收录推荐。

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    2018-08-30 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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