Cell Reports:为什么癌转移发生得比预期早?

2017-05-05 佚名 生物探索

为什么一些癌症会在多年缓解期后再次复发呢?近日,来自于美国斯克利普斯研究所(TSRI)的研究小组在《Cell Reports》期刊发表最新文章,对这一疑惑进行了解答。他们证实,转移的细胞会通过血管内渗进入血液循环,且这一过程会在肿瘤浸润相邻组织之前就发生。

对于癌症患者而言,最糟糕的状况莫过于癌转移,它是造成多数患者死亡的主要原因。即便经过一系列治疗后进入缓解期(remission),癌症也有可能“卷土重来”。

为什么一些癌症会在多年缓解期后再次复发呢?近日,来自于美国斯克利普斯研究所(TSRI)的研究小组在《Cell Reports》期刊发表最新文章,对这一疑惑进行了解答。

他们证实,侵入性肿瘤发生细胞转移的时间远远早于先前的研究。这些“逃逸”的坏细胞甚至会在原发性肿瘤被发现之前就进入血液循环,从而成为继发性肿瘤的“种子”,在多年后寻找机会“生根发芽”。

而且,他们发现,逃逸的肿瘤细胞主要通过肿瘤致密核心区的血管进入血液中。这一结论颠覆了传统的观念——转移的癌细胞来源于肿瘤的边界区域。

肿瘤转移早于已有认知

肿瘤通常可分为4个阶段:0和1阶段的肿瘤多局限在原位,第2阶段的肿瘤会开始侵入相邻组织,肿瘤进入第3阶段意味着它开始朝着远距离组织转移,第4阶段是指继发性肿瘤已经发生。

但是,TSRI 的Elena Deryugina教授和William Kiosses教授共同带领团队却对癌症扩散的传统认知提出了不一样的结论。他们首次对整个肿瘤组织进行了研究,试图找到细胞逃逸的确切位置。以荧光蛋白标记人类肿瘤细胞,借助于高分辨率共聚焦显微镜技术,研究团队从肿瘤致密核心区到边界区域,绘制出包括血管在内的肿瘤三维图。

研究人员标记了每个肿瘤细胞相对于其最近距离的血管位置,这有利于他们分析出肿瘤细胞通过血管内渗(intravasation)实现转移的具体位置和路径。

结果发现,原发性肿瘤会在癌细胞浸润相邻组织之前就发生转移,且这一转移独立于浸润过程(invasion)。这一点可以解释“为什么继发性肿瘤常常比预期得要早发生”。

这意味着,即便是早期肿瘤患者,同样也存在癌转移的风险。



左图:红色血管交织于绿色肿瘤细胞之间。右图:研究团队绘制出白色肿瘤细胞进入血管的确切位置。相比于边界,更多的肿瘤细胞通过核心区域的血管进入血液循环。(图片来源于:Elena Deryugina and William Kiosses)

癌细胞从核心区域逃逸

更意外的是,研发人员发现,绝大多数的肿瘤细胞穿透的都是位于肿瘤核心区域的血管。这与传统的认知相悖。

过去科学家们认为,肿瘤细胞通过内渗进入血液循环的过程,都发生于肿瘤浸润相邻组织之后。现在他们却发现,事实上,只有不到10%的逃逸细胞来源于浸润至相邻组织的肿瘤细胞。



Deryugina认为,这一研究佐证了肿瘤核心区域新形成血管是肿瘤转移的理想通道。早在2015年,Deryugina团队就已经发现,肿瘤核心区域新形成的血管结构稳定且具有渗透性,是肿瘤细胞进入血液循环、转移至其他器官组织的良好路径。相比之下,肿瘤边界之处的血管并不那么“友好”,它们的血管壁相对较为成熟,不利于肿瘤细胞内渗。

研究人员还发现,EGFR蛋白是肿瘤细胞是否发生内渗的重要指标。这一表皮生长因子受体负责调控肿瘤生成血管的能力,从而影响癌细胞发生血管内渗的发生。“因此未来,我们或许可以利用EGFR蛋白监测癌症初期的发生趋势。”Deryugina表示。

这一最新发现对于癌症患者而言很重要,因为它意味着,原发性肿瘤不一定需要浸润实现转移。肿瘤浸润和内渗是两种相互独立的转移方式,所以医生或许需要重现评估癌转移的时间。

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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Fri May 05 14:33:50 CST 2017, time=2017-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=194189, encodeId=48ca194189e4, content=学习了……不错不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCSvgHPvuQp0g9YLQuk8Dv2tO2J8cA1nBOPWOR46Rv1IMw309iaVI4zibSE52MibbXtA54h46besGYv6vpQfsUHpY9TaCKOVRmm2A/0, createdBy=14511949364, createdName=尹玉伟, createdTime=Fri May 05 13:48:56 CST 2017, time=2017-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=194180, encodeId=5dcf194180eb, content=浸润性癌细胞侵犯组织多,易转移, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri May 05 13:14:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-01 I come

    长知识了,谢谢分享

    0

  4. 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    2017-05-09 I come

    对癌症的认识又进了一步

    0

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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri May 05 13:14:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-07 luominglian113

    涨知识了,肿瘤转移的新理念,谢谢分享

    0

  7. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri May 05 13:14:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-05 I come

    对癌症转移理念的新认识

    0

  8. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri May 05 13:14:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-05 130****4638

    关于癌转移的新收获!

    0

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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri May 05 13:14:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-05 尹玉伟

    学习了……不错不错

    0

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    2017-05-05 有备才能无患

    浸润性癌细胞侵犯组织多,易转移

    0

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