Front Pharmacol:新见解!持续使用ARB药物可降低急性肾损伤患者死亡风险

2022-08-31 MedSci原创 MedSci原创 发表于上海

在 AKI-D 患者透析后,既往和持续使用 ARB 与较低的死亡率风险相关,而使用 ACEI 并没有生存获益。在 AKD 患者中,ACEI的新使用者再次透析的风险更高。

血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂ACEI)和血管紧张素 II 受体阻滞剂ARB)是常用的降压药,尤其适用于伴有心力衰竭、心肌梗死后、糖尿病、慢性肾脏疾病的患者,有充足证据证明可改善预后。

KDIGO共识意见指出,急性肾损伤 AKI)期间应暂时停用 ACEI/ARB,并在急性肾病 (AKD) 中重新启用。然而,ACEIARB对需要透析的急性肾损伤(AKI-D)患者尚未得到很好的讨论,研究结果并不一致。

近期,发表在Front Pharmacol杂志的一项研究,探讨了ACEIARB对需要透析的AKI-D患者结局的影响。

在这项研究中,研究人员收纳了2015 5 月至 2017 12 月来自台湾国民健康保险管理 NHIA)数据库被诊断AKI并接受透析治疗的 41731名患者,年龄为18 80 岁,并随访至 2018 12 31 日,即至少随访 1 年。研究人员根据ACEIARB适用情况对AKI-D患者进行分组:ACEI使用者(n = 650)、ARB使用者(n = 650)和非 RASI使用者(n = 1,300),以评估全因死亡和再透析的风险。

结果显示,17141 (41.1%) 患者在 AKD 期间停止透析至少 7 天,其中748名(4.36%)患者既往使用过ACEI1263名(7.37%)名患者既往使用过ARB。在平均随访1.01 ± 0.94 年后,接受 ARB 的患者在 AKI-D 后的全因死亡风险较低。在既往患有高血压、糖尿病、机械通气和心脏干预的患者中,在透析开始前,ARB 使用者的死亡率低于 ACEI 使用者。

另外,与非 RASI使用者相比,长期使用ARB患者的全因死亡风险较低。然而,在AKD 期间,与非 RASI使用者相比,ACEI初始使用者再次透析的风险升高,而长期使用ACEIARB的患者高钾血症没有增加。

在终末期肾病(ESKD)风险方面,与非RASI使用者相比,ACEIARB使用者未增加ESKD 的发病风险。与未使用RASI患者相比,在AKI-D 后继续接受 ACEI 治疗的患者不能降低全因死亡率和随后的 ESKD 风险。

在临床应用中,入院和/或急性疾病期间停用 ACEI/ARB 很常见,尤其是在 AKI-D 患者中。ACEI/ARB都是RASI,被认为具有相似的临床效果。在治疗患有高血压、心力衰竭、糖尿病、心血管疾病和慢性肾病的患者时,头对头研究表明ACEI ARB 之间的降压疗效具有可比性 

然而,在这项研究中,RASI药物对 AKI-D患者在 AKI CKD 过渡时可能不同。结果发现,持续使用 ARB AKD 患者全因死亡风险较低,而 AKI-D/AKD 后再次透析的风险没有增加。然而,ACEI 持续使用者的死亡率并没有显著低于非 RASI 使用者。由于从 AKI AKD CKD 的转变是一个相互关联的过程,该研究为AKI 后护理甚至这些患者预后的药物治疗的可行性提供了新的见解。

另外,在某些临床情况下,ARB 可以提供比 ACEI 更好的保护。ARB常以「沙坦」命名,包括缬沙坦、氯沙坦、厄贝沙坦、替米沙坦、坎地沙坦、奥美沙坦和阿利沙坦。其中,厄贝沙坦降压幅度较大,单药控制血压的达标率较高,吸收度高,药效持续时间长,在治疗高血压中占有重要地位

总之,该研究表明,在 AKI-D 患者透析后,既往和持续使用 ARB 与较低的死亡率风险相关,而使用 ACEI 并没有生存获益。在 AKD 患者中,ACEI的新使用者再次透析的风险更高。在 AKD 期间,使用 ACEI ARB 不会增加高钾血症的风险。未来,需要进一步的研究来验证这项研究的发现。

原始出处

Wu VC, Lin YF, Teng NC, Yang SY, Chou NK, Tsao CH, Chen YM, Chueh JS, Chen L. Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Associated With Less Outcome Risk in Patients With Acute Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 20;13:714658. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.714658. PMID: 35517809; PMCID: PMC9065477.

 

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    2022-09-24 jj000001
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    2023-07-03 yb6560
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这项荟萃分析表明,ACEI 不能降低骨折风险,而 ARB 对骨折风险具有保护作用。因此,在临床实践中,当患有高血压且骨折风险较高的患者时,ARB 可能是优先考虑的因素。

新研究发现,ACEI 和 ARB 降低糖尿病肾病患者终末期肾病的发病率

ACEI 和 ARB 药物对糖尿病肾病患者的肾脏具有保护作用,但是仍需要更多的RCT研究,观察不同剂量和用药方案的有效性和安全性。