超声诊断子宫癌肉瘤1例

2018-04-04 徐玉清 郭峰 郑志刚 中国中西医结合影像学杂志

女,57岁,绝经16年,阴道不规则出血4d,下腹痛1d,来院就诊。

【一般资料】

女,57岁

【主诉】

绝经16年,阴道不规则出血4d,下腹痛1d,来院就诊。

【现病史】

患者自诉16年前绝经后一直无不适,6d前无明显诱因阴道流血,量少,色浅红,无血块,无异味,伴下腹痛,在乡镇医院治疗2d无效来院就诊。

【既往史】

既往无手术史、外伤史、输血史、药物过敏史,否认肝炎、结核等传染病史。

【月经及婚育史】

42岁绝经,周期正常,经量中等,无血块,无痛经。

【体格检查】

妇科检查:子宫前位,增大如孕3个月,质地中,表面光滑,活动欠佳,压痛明显,双附件区未扪及明显异常。

【辅助检查】

超声见:膀胱充盈,子宫前位,体积明显增大,如妊娠3个月大小,外形饱满,子宫宫腔及肌层正常结构消失,内探及约9.1cm×9.1cm×6.4cm的混合性略高回声光团(图1),边界欠清晰,形态不规则,内回声不均质。局部放大显示略高回声光团内部可见少许散在分布的片状无回声区,略高回声光团周边无明显包膜,周边呈毛刺状改变,并向子宫肌层浸润,盆腔及双侧附件区未探及明显局限性异常回声,下腹部未探及局限性游离液性暗区。CDFI示宫腔略高回声光团周边及内部,均可见较丰富的彩色血流信号,血流结构紊乱,无方向感,呈红蓝相间的“短棒状”血流改变(图2)。





【初步诊断

超声诊断:①宫腔内实性团块;②结合病史及声像图考虑子宫内膜癌;③建议临床进一步检查。

【治疗】

术中所见:子宫约4个月妊娠大小,表面充血,见多处转移结节,2cm×2cm×1cm大小。双侧附件充血,表面见粟粒样结节。宫腔内可见9cm×9cm包块,呈灰白色,糟脆,蒂位于子宫后壁,达宫颈管,肌层可见浸润。腹腔探查:肝、胆、胃、脾、肠管上无结节,大网膜部分挛缩,右侧腹壁上见约1cm×1cm的转移结节。病理示:宫腔内见一巨大息肉样肿物,体积约10cm×7cm×6cm大小,采用HE染色,镜下见肿瘤由腺癌和肉瘤2种成分构成,且肉瘤中含有软骨样基质成分(图3,4)。

【讨论】

子宫癌肉瘤即恶性中胚叶混合瘤,是一种较少见的恶性肿瘤,由上皮瘤成分和间质肉瘤成分组成,占所有子宫恶性肿瘤的1%~10%,占子宫肉瘤的40%,是发生在子宫体的恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一,总体5年生存率约25%;多发生于绝经后妇女,平均发病年龄65岁,小于50岁占5%;因此绝经后阴道出血为子宫癌肉瘤的临床表现之一;由于恶性程度高,较早经血行转移。子宫癌肉瘤在宫腔中生长位置可为黏膜下或浆膜下,肌壁间比例相近,其形态不规则,可呈分叶状、息肉状或不规则形,很少呈圆形或椭圆形,CDFI多表现为血流丰富,形态不规则,可呈“湖泊”或“镶嵌样”血流。子宫癌肉瘤需与子宫内膜癌鉴别。子宫内膜癌是发生在子宫体内膜层的恶性肿瘤,以腺癌为主,又称子宫体腺癌,是女性生殖器官最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率居妇科恶性肿瘤的第2位,其主要临床症状是绝经后不规则阴道流血或阴道流液。超声检查时可通过观察内膜回声及边缘是否规则提高诊断特异性。一般肿瘤的分化程度越高,内膜回声越强。若肿瘤有出血坏死其内部回声表现则强弱不等,根据病灶与子宫内膜向子宫肌层浸润程度的不同,超声征象也不尽相同。综上所述,子宫癌肉瘤的超声征象与病理组织学特点密切相关。其典型的超声征象包括:多单发,体积大,形态不规则,病灶内部呈片状低回声或“蜂窝样”回声时,说明有液化成分存在。彩色血流丰富或稍丰富,也可出现“镶嵌样”血流或“短棒样”血流,血流丰富程度受病灶液化影响较大,液化越重,血流显示率越低。不同类型子宫癌肉瘤超声征象既有共性也有个性。需注意的是,行彩色多普勒超声时,应仔细询问患者的年龄、症状、病史,对高度怀疑恶性可能者应建议手术。由于子宫癌肉瘤超声表现缺乏特异性,所以在术前诊断较困难,须结合临床症状、术后病理等提高其诊断准确率。

原始出处:

徐玉清, 郭峰, 郑志刚. 超声诊断子宫癌肉瘤1例[J]. 中国中西医结合影像学杂志, 2017(3):380-381.

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    2018-04-06 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

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