Cell:揭示锻炼诱导的鸢尾素促进骨骼重塑机制

2018-12-16 佚名 细胞

锻炼被吹捧为增强骨骼质量,但是它究竟如何实现这一点是一个有争议的问题。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国达纳-法伯癌症研究所和哈佛大学医学院的研究人员发现锻炼诱导的一种激素激活在小鼠骨骼重建中起着至关重要作用的细胞。相关研究结果发表在2018年12月13日的Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Re

锻炼被吹捧为增强骨骼质量,但是它究竟如何实现这一点是一个有争议的问题。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国达纳-法伯癌症研究所和哈佛大学医学院的研究人员发现锻炼诱导的一种激素激活在小鼠骨骼重建中起着至关重要作用的细胞。相关研究结果发表在2018年12月13日的Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors”。

这些研究人员鉴定出这种称为鸢尾素(irisin)的激素的受体---整合素αV,并且发现鸢尾素影响小鼠中的骨硬化蛋白(sclerostin),其中在人类中,骨硬化蛋白是骨骼结构的一种主要的细胞调节因子。这项研究有可能让人们在未来开发出新的骨质疏松症(osteoporosis)治疗方法。在全球,骨质疏松症每年导致890多万例骨折。

论文通讯作者、达纳-法伯癌症研究所癌症生物学家Bruce Spiegelman说,“这些结果有可能在代谢、肌肉骨骼生物学和锻炼领域引发变革。我们证实鸢尾素直接作用于骨细胞(osteocyte),即骨组织中一种最为丰富的细胞类型。”

在小鼠和人类中耐力锻炼导致骨骼肌分泌的鸢尾素与骨骼强化、卡路里燃烧和认知改善有关。然而,它的存在曾经一度引起争议,而且它影响骨骼的机制是未知的。

哺乳动物的骨骼经历不断的重塑。旧有的或受损的骨骼被新细胞替换,这一过程通常始于现有骨细胞的死亡或破裂。锻炼---以及鸢尾素---都能激活骨硬化蛋白,其中骨硬化蛋白是当给骨骼施加机械应力时,由骨细胞分泌的一种骨骼破裂因子。

Spiegelman说,“间歇性骨骼破裂似乎被理解为一种增强和重塑骨骼的信号。关于这一点的概念验证已经存在,这是因为用于治疗骨质疏松症的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)也是一种骨骼破裂因子。”

人们已证实小剂量的鸢尾素能够改善小鼠的骨密度和骨强度。为了进一步研究鸢尾素的作用,这些研究人员给小鼠注射了鸢尾素6天。这种注射让血液中的骨硬化蛋白水平升高并增加这些小鼠的骨质。此外,经过基因改造后缺乏鸢尾素的小鼠不会患上骨质疏松症。

Spiegelman说,接下来的步骤将集中于优化不同版本的鸢尾素和鸢尾素抗体,“因此我们可能能够通过蛋白疗法来控制它的效果。我们正在研究它对脂肪组织和神经系统的影响”。

他说,鉴定出鸢尾素的分子受体是寻找对这种激素作出反应的新型细胞和组织的重要一步。

原始出处:

Kim,et al.Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via Integrin Receptors.Cell. 2018 Dec 13;175(7):1756-1768.e17.

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    2019-02-21 维他命
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    2018-12-16 jingjing

    运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少

    0

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    2018-12-16 lietome2

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。

    0

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利用代谢组学研究技术,纽约大学牙科研究人员调查了高血糖小鼠骨髓中潜在的生物化学活性和信号传导,希望降低糖尿病患者的骨折风险。

BMJ:妊娠期补充鱼油对儿女骨骼、肌肉和脂肪质量的影响

由此可见,从妊娠第24周开始补充鱼油导致0-6岁的子女BMI较高,但6岁时肥胖风险并未增加。补充鱼油的儿童6岁时身体成分的特征在于肌肉、骨骼和脂肪质量的成比例增加,这表明n-3 LCPUFA具有生长刺激的作用。