NEJM:隐源性卒中伴卵圆孔未闭的闭合或药物治疗的效果比较

2012-12-04 张永燊 译 NEJM

  背景  在有隐源性卒中患者中,卵圆孔未闭的患病率高于普通人群。用经皮装置闭合(卵圆孔)经常被建议用于这类患者,但这种干预是否可降低复发性卒中的危险尚不清楚。   方法  我们进行了一项多中心、随机、开放标签试验,在因隐源性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)就诊并且有卵圆孔未闭的18~60岁患者中,比较用经皮装置闭合(卵圆孔)与单用药物治疗的效果。主要终点为随访2年期间卒中或

  背景  在有隐源性卒中患者中,卵圆孔未闭的患病率高于普通人群。用经皮装置闭合(卵圆孔)经常被建议用于这类患者,但这种干预是否可降低复发性卒中的危险尚不清楚。

  方法  我们进行了一项多中心、随机、开放标签试验,在因隐源性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)就诊并且有卵圆孔未闭的18~60岁患者中,比较用经皮装置闭合(卵圆孔)与单用药物治疗的效果。主要终点为随访2年期间卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作、在(治疗后)头30天期间任何原因所致死亡,或在治疗后31天~2 年期间神经系统原因所致死亡的复合。

  结果  本试验共纳入909 例患者。闭合组(447 例患者)的主要终点累计发生率(Kaplan-Meier估计值)为5.5%,相比之下,药物治疗组(462例患者)的为6.8%(校正的风险比0.78,95%可信区间0.45~1.35,P=0.37)。卒中的发生率分别为2.9%和3.1%(P=0.79),TIA 的发生率分别为3.1% 和4.1%(P=0.44)。在第30 天时,两组均未发生死亡,并且在随访2年期间没有神经系统原因所致死亡。有复发性神经系统事件的患者往往有反常栓塞以外的原因往往明显。

  结论  在有卵圆孔未闭的隐源性卒中或TIA患者中,对于复发性卒中或TIA的预防,用装置闭合(卵圆孔)并未比单用药物治疗提供更大的益处。



Closure or Medical Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke with Patent Foramen Ovale
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of patent foramen ovale among patients with cryptogenic stroke is higher than that in the general population. Closure with a percutaneous device is often recommended in such patients, but it is not known whether this intervention reduces the risk of recurrent stroke.
METHODS
We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial of closure with a percutaneous device, as compared with medical therapy alone, in patients between 18 and 60 years of age who presented with a cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and had a patent foramen ovale. The primary end point was a composite of stroke or transient ischemic attack during 2 years of follow-up, death from any cause during the first 30 days, or death from neurologic causes between 31 days and 2 years.
RESULTS
A total of 909 patients were enrolled in the trial. The cumulative incidence (Kaplan–Meier estimate) of the primary end point was 5.5% in the closure group (447 patients) as compared with 6.8% in the medical-therapy group (462 patients) (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 1.35; P=0.37). The respective rates were 2.9% and 3.1% for stroke (P=0.79) and 3.1% and 4.1% for TIA (P=0.44). No deaths occurred by 30 days in either group, and there were no deaths from neurologic causes during the 2-year follow-up period. A cause other than paradoxical embolism was usually apparent in patients with recurrent neurologic events.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA who had a patent foramen ovale, closure with a device did not offer a greater benefit than medical therapy alone for the prevention of recurrent stroke or TIA. (Funded by NMT Medical; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00201461.)           

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