Radiology:从一个10年钝性脑血管损伤随访中,我们又有了新发现!

2021-07-22 shaosai MedSci原创

钝性脑血管损伤(BCVI)发生在大约0.2%-1%的遭受钝性创伤的患者中。BCVI引起卒中的风险总体在1%到10%之间,重度损伤患者的风险可高达33%,死亡率约为15%-59%。

钝性脑血管损伤(BCVI)发生在大约0.2%-1%的遭受钝性创伤患者。BCVI引起卒中的风险总体在1%到10%之间重度损伤患者的风险可高达33%,死亡率为15%-59%。自20世纪90年代以来,鉴于未经治疗的BCVI带来的不良临床预后,BCVI引起了创伤专家的越来越多的关注。尽管如此,临床对于BCVI最佳治疗方案和影像学随访流程仍存在较大争议

现阶段,最普遍的治疗手段依赖于经验性抗血栓治疗(抗血小板药物抗凝药物或两者都有)来治疗这些损伤,血管内干预只适用于极少数病例。然而,关于最合适的影像学随访时间间隔尚无共识,有些专家甚至主张对高等级损伤不进行随访影像学检查。

鉴于这些不确定性,近日,发表在Radiology杂志的一项研究对I级创伤中心10年期间的钝性创伤患者进行了回顾性的评价及分析,以更好地了解BCVI的自然史,为制定适宜的影像学随访时间点对方间隔提供新的视角,为钝性创伤患者的临床管理提供了影像学的观点

本项研究对2005年4月1日至2015年6月30日期间在I级创伤中心接受BCVI治疗的所有患者的数据进行了回顾性的分析。 对于至少进行了一项随访检查的患者,进行了事件发生时间分析以评估损伤演变的趋势。同时评估了损伤等级和损伤演变的关联。使用Fisher精确检验和多变量logistic回归评估受伤的血管数量、血管等级和血管类型(颈内动脉,椎动脉)与BCVI相关性卒中的相关性。

本研究共回顾了1204例患者(800名男性;平均年龄±标准差(45岁±22岁),其中包括1604例血管损伤。高级别(3-5级)损伤比低级别损伤更不容易痊愈(危险比[HR],0.2; P < .001)。高级别损伤比低级别损伤更有可能发生进展(HR, 3.3; P = .005)。在有改善或缓解的损伤患者(419例中的343例[81.9%])中,76%(343例中的259例)在最初损伤后30天内发生变化,其余24%(343例中的84例)在30至90天内发生变化。在发生进展的损伤患者(419例中的46例[11.0%])中,87%(46例中的40例)在90天内发生改变。在超过90天时,没有改善或缓解的病例出现,只有1.4%(419例中的6例)患者的损伤发生进展。损伤级别更高(调整后的优势比,每一级提高2.0 [95%置信区间{CI}:1.6,2.4]; P <.001)颈动脉和椎动脉损伤(11.7% vs 5.2%; P < .001)以及每位患者受伤血管数量的增加(调整后的优势比,每一个血管增加1.6(95%CI: 1.3, 2.2); P <.001)与BCVI相关卒中的风险增加相关

图1 通过Denver分级的每个血管损伤等级的示例(箭头)。(a) 1级(20岁男性,CT血管造影矢状位):左侧颈内动脉管腔不规则并狭窄小于25%。(b) 2级(18岁男性,CT血管造影斜矢状位最大密度投影):左侧ICA海绵段动脉内膜瓣。(c) 3级(23岁男性,CT血管造影轴位):左侧颈内动脉假性动脉瘤。(d) 4级(65岁男性,CT血管造影矢状位):右颈ICA完全闭塞。(e) 5级(20岁男性,CT血管造影矢状位):左侧椎动脉横断并对比剂外渗。

图2 图表显示了不同级别的血管损伤患者病情的改善和进展率(n = 419,至少有一次随访CT血管造影[CTA])。

表1 随访期间初始损伤等级和药物与损伤预后的多变量相关性。

在这项针对钝性脑血管损伤(BCVI) 的10年单机构回顾性研究中,大多数损伤的改善、恢复和进展都发生在最初损伤后30天内,超过90天病情将极少再度变化。因此,在受伤后30 - 90天内进行CT血管造影随访检查将最有可能影响治疗方案的制定,如果超过90天则意义不大。更高的损伤等级、颈动脉及椎动脉的损伤、以及每个患者血管损伤数量的增加都与BCVI相关卒中的风险增加相关。

原文出处:

Lei Wu,Diana Christensen,Lindsey Call,et al.Natural History of Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury: Experience Over a 10-year Period at a Level I Trauma Center.DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020192866

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    2021-11-10 ms5000000184922079

    谢谢作者科普

    0

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    2021-07-22 土豆你个马铃薯

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