BMJ:关于采用DMT治疗的多发性硬化患者接种COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的争论

2021-06-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

Achiron与Amanda L. Piquet等关于采用DMT治疗的多发性硬化患者接种COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的争论

由Achiron等人在Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders杂志发表文章“Humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies,” 作者使用基于抗刺突蛋白的血清学检测了在一组多发性硬化(MS)患者SARS-CoV-2 IgG的反应,这些患者接受了三种不同类型的疾病疗法(DMTs),包括克拉屈滨(n = 23)、奥美珠单抗 (n = 44)和芬戈莫德 (n = 26)。

鉴于当前COVID-19大流行和针对SARS-CoV-2的新疫苗的开发,越来越需要了解这些疫苗在免疫功能低下患者(包括服用DMT的MS患者)中的有效性、免疫应答和长期安全性。Amanda L. Piquet等人认为,虽然迫切需要对服用高效DMT的MS患者的mRNA-COVID-19疫苗的免疫应答进行特征分析,但该研究提供的数据可能有不足之处。

疫苗接种后SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗体滴度与淋巴细胞绝对计数的关系表现为>1000细胞/mm3(绿色圆圈),500-1000细胞/mm3(红色),<500细胞/mm3(蓝色)。

从最后一次治疗剂量到接种COVID-19疫苗的几个月时间与接种后SARS-CoV-2 IgG的关系。接种后SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗体效价呈绿色圆圈表示;免疫后SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗体滴度为红色圈。疾病修饰疗法(DMTs),包括克拉屈滨 (n = 23), 奥克雷珠单抗(n = 44), 芬戈莫德 (n = 26)。

 

该研究不建议芬戈莫德治疗的MS患者接种COVID-19 mRNA疫苗,延迟奥克雷珠单抗治疗MS患者, 但该提供的数据并不能支持该结论。这可能会对本已脆弱的人群造成严重影响,这些人群已经被证明患COVID-19后结果不佳。

报告的COVID - 19 mRNA疫苗研究已经注意到接种疫苗后健康对照组的抗体、中和抗体(NAb)和T细胞应答增加。然而,目前尚不清楚是哪个方面或多个方面的免疫反应导致了对病毒的免疫。此外,这些与疫苗临床有效性相关的免疫反应的程度或量化尚不清楚。

Achiron等人提出的研究中的一个主要问题是,它忽略了T细胞反应的潜在重要性。正如讨论中所指出的,虽然作者确实认识到不捕获T细胞反应的局限性,该结论严重夸大了他们的研究结果,以及在芬戈莫德使用的情况下放弃疫苗接种和将奥克雷珠单抗推迟9个月(这可能对他们的MS产生不利影响)的建议。由于奥克雷珠单抗使B细胞耗尽,可以预期SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后的抗体和NAb水平与未使用DMT的MS患者或健康对照组相比可能会下降。这在VELOCE研究中的其它疫苗中也得到了证明,患者对破伤风类毒素疫苗的反应减弱但具有保护性,对不同菌株的肺炎链球菌和流感疫苗的反应减弱有差异。然而,这项研究没有评估这些疫苗的细胞免疫应答。理论上,接受奥克雷珠单抗治疗的患者不应显著影响T细胞反应。先前的研究表明,在奥克雷珠单抗治疗的患者中,血细胞毒性T细胞(CD8)水平只有适度的下降,但分化抗原4 (CD4)水平没有下降,和奥克雷珠单抗似乎没有影响T细胞诱导对刺激产生功能性细胞因子反应的能力。此外,来自纽约大学的最新数据显示,未接种疫苗的COVID-19感染的MS患者在感染后长达10个月对SARS-CoV-2具有持续的体液和T细胞免疫记忆,这些发现表明,尽管出现了受抑的抗体反应,但奥克列单抗治疗的患者能够抵御COVID-19感染。

此外,不仅从SARS-CoV-2 IgG反应中得出这一结论是有问题的,该研究中使用的抗SARS-CoV-2酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA) (Euroimmun)报道的敏感性约为90%。其他几项商业检测方法(雅培、Liaison、罗氏、西门子、牛津)在面对面的评估中显示灵敏度和特异性至少达到98%,因此使本研究中使用的检测方法不理想。

总之,Amanda L. Piquet等认为临床医生和患者需要知道,给正在接受DMT的MS患者接种mRNA疫苗是否可能产生与对COVID-19免疫兼容的免疫应答。虽然这项研究报告了SARS-CoV-2 IgG的检测,尽管有关疫苗体液反应的数据令人感兴趣,但宣称这意味着缺乏或存在保护性免疫反应是不准确的。

但Achiron等认为Amanda L. Piquet等人仅仅是理论上的考虑,没有提供相关数据来支持他们的批评。Achiron等回应道他们的研究结果对奥克雷珠单抗和芬戈莫德治疗的MS患者具有重要意义。且Achiron等称这些患者在COVID-19疫苗接种后未能形成适当的体液免疫反应,因此不能预防SARS-COV-2感染,这与健康受试者、未经治疗的MS患者和使用克拉屈滨治疗的MS患者形成对比。从理论上讲,即使奥克雷珠单抗和芬戈莫德治疗的MS患者能够产生T细胞反应,Achiron等怀疑这种反应在没有B细胞的情况下是否具有保护作用。

原文出处

Achiron, A, Mandel, M, Dreyer-Alster, S, et al. Humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 2021; 14: 1–8.

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    2021-07-02 gaoxiaoe
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    2021-12-28 jml2009
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    2021-06-03 test-rml

    nice

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849264, encodeId=ed2a1849264fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Jul 02 02:51:37 CST 2021, time=2021-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1890260, encodeId=f45e1890260de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=760c430895a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43089, encryptionId=760c430895a, topicName=多发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04d6114, createdName=jml2009, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 21:51:37 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947390, encodeId=24cd194e39055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jan 05 06:51:37 CST 2022, time=2022-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=970613, encodeId=b18e9e0613c2, content=nice, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e5305494196, createdName=test-rml, createdTime=Thu Jun 03 16:22:13 CST 2021, time=2021-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=970612, encodeId=f3989e061228, content=非常好👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e5305494196, createdName=test-rml, createdTime=Thu Jun 03 16:21:50 CST 2021, time=2021-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=970387, encodeId=da319e0387b6, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTID3VWxqBXicvxNs35Q3iceMVHUhPP4fgl7vlUflYcGICzJp1AjUMkEX5TEzlnKkvKyQj2mrv2vzuPQ/0, createdBy=403f2239199, createdName=hantian1126, createdTime=Wed Jun 02 18:02:19 CST 2021, time=2021-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-03 test-rml

    非常好👍

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849264, encodeId=ed2a1849264fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Jul 02 02:51:37 CST 2021, time=2021-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1890260, encodeId=f45e1890260de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=760c430895a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43089, encryptionId=760c430895a, topicName=多发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04d6114, createdName=jml2009, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 21:51:37 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947390, encodeId=24cd194e39055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jan 05 06:51:37 CST 2022, time=2022-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=970613, encodeId=b18e9e0613c2, content=nice, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e5305494196, createdName=test-rml, createdTime=Thu Jun 03 16:22:13 CST 2021, time=2021-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=970612, encodeId=f3989e061228, content=非常好👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e5305494196, createdName=test-rml, createdTime=Thu Jun 03 16:21:50 CST 2021, time=2021-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=970387, encodeId=da319e0387b6, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTID3VWxqBXicvxNs35Q3iceMVHUhPP4fgl7vlUflYcGICzJp1AjUMkEX5TEzlnKkvKyQj2mrv2vzuPQ/0, createdBy=403f2239199, createdName=hantian1126, createdTime=Wed Jun 02 18:02:19 CST 2021, time=2021-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-02 hantian1126

    0

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