「甜蜜刺客」再取一杀!BMJ:大家伙的最爱代糖食品排名和心血管疾病升高风险摆出来了,自己看着办吧...

2022-09-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

BMJ:人工甜味剂和心血管疾病风险:来自前瞻性营养保健品队列的结果

添加糖对包括心脏代谢紊乱在内的各种健康结果的有害影响已被广泛研究。世界卫生组织建议,每日能量摄入应少于5%来自游离糖。人造甜味剂作为添加糖的替代品出现,使甜味能够在不使用糖的情况下再现,避免游离糖的热量,受到消费者追捧。

血管疾病(CVDs)是全世界死亡的主要原因。世卫组织2022年关于人工甜味剂对健康影响的报告特别观察到饮用含有人工甜味剂的饮料与CVD的一些中间标志物之间的关联。国际卫生当局还发现心血管疾病死亡率增加,心血管事件卒中发生率增加,这与摄入更多含有人工甜味剂的软饮料有关(对四项随机对照试验的荟萃分析)。然而,前瞻性研究仍然有限,世卫组织仍然认为这些关联的证据水平较低。因此,本研究旨在使用定量数据进行大规模的前瞻性研究,以调查所有膳食来源(饮料以及桌面甜味剂,乳制品等)的人造甜味剂总体和类型(阿斯巴甜,乙酰磺胺酸钾和三氯蔗糖)的消费与CVD风险(总体,冠状动脉和脑血管)之间的关联。

结果显示,本次分析最终覆盖103388名受试者,基线时的平均年龄为42.2岁,79.8%为女性。共有37.1%的参与者食用了人造甜味剂。研究者将参与者分为三类人造甜味剂消费:非消费者,较低消费者和高消费者。

所有参与者的平均人造甜味剂摄入量为15.76毫克/天,在消费者为42.46毫克/天,相当于大约一包桌面甜味剂或100毫升无糖苏打水。较低和高消费类别的平均摄入量分别为7.46和77.62毫克/天。

阿斯巴甜,乙酰磺胺酸钾和三氯蔗糖分别占人造甜味剂总摄入量的58%,29%和10%(图1)。不加糖的软饮料占人造甜味剂的53%;桌面甜味剂也是一种重要的载体(30%),以及人工加糖的调味乳制品(如酸奶,白软干酪,8%);图 2)。

随访期间(904206人年,中位随访时间9.0年),共发生心血管事(1502例,其中冠心病事件730例(心肌梗死143例,急性冠脉综合征75例,血管成形术477例,心绞痛事件277例)和脑血管疾病事件777例(卒中203例,短暂性缺血事件598例)。CVD事件的平均年龄为62.7岁。总人工甜味剂摄入量与心血管疾病风险增加有关(1502事件,风险比1.09,95%CI 1.01至1.18,P = 0.03);高消费者和非消费者的绝对发病率分别为每10万人年346例和314例。

人工甜味剂与脑血管疾病风险的相关性更显著(777例事件,1.18,1.06~1.31,P=0.002,高消费者和非消费者年发病率分别为195例和150例/10万人年)。阿斯巴甜摄入量与脑血管事件风险增加有关(1.17,1.03至1.33,P= 0.02,高消费者和非消费者的发病率分别为186和151/100000人年),乙酰磺胺酸钾和三氯蔗糖与冠心病风险增加有关(730事件,乙酰磺胺酸钾:1.40,1.06至1.84,P = 0.02,发病率167和164; 三氯蔗糖1.31,1.00 至 1.71, P=0.05;发病率为 271 和 161)。

这项大规模前瞻性队列研究的结果表明,较高的人工甜味剂摄入量(尤其是阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾和三氯蔗糖)与心血管疾病风险增加之间存在潜在的直接关联。人造甜味剂存在于全球数千个食品和饮料品牌中,但它们仍然是一个有争议的话题,目前正在由欧洲食品安全局,世界卫生组织和其他卫生机构重新评估。

原文来源:

Charlotte Debras, et al. Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. BMJ 2022;378:e071204

doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071204

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    2023-04-27 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-09-09 ms5000000518166734

    学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习

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    2022-09-09 ms9000001600641040

    对备孕女性也有指导意义

    0

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Br J Sports Med:肌肉强化活动与主要非传染性疾病的风险和死亡率较低有关:队列研究的系统评价和荟萃分析