JAMA Intern Med:SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后免疫功能障碍与COVID-19突破性感染的相关性

2022-01-11 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

免疫功能障碍患者出现COVID-19严重结局的风险更高。然而,这些患者在很大程度上被排除在SARS-CoV-2疫苗临床试验之外,造成了很大的临床研究证据的缺口。

背景:免疫功能障碍患者出现COVID-19严重结局的风险更高。然而,这些患者在很大程度上被排除在SARS-CoV-2疫苗临床试验之外,造成了很大的临床研究证据的缺口。

目的:目的了解免疫功能障碍和非免疫功能障碍人群接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后新冠病毒突破性感染的发生率和发病率比(IRR)。

设计、设置和参与者:这项回顾性队列研究分析了来自美国国家COVID-19队列协作组织(N3C)的数据,N3C是一个合作伙伴,该组织开发了一个安全的、基于中央电子医疗记录的存储库,存储了来自全美学术医疗中心的COVID-19临床数据。在2020年12月10日至2021年9月16日期间至少接种过一剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗的人被纳入样本。

主要成果和措施:疫苗接种、COVID-19诊断、免疫功能障碍诊断(即,艾滋病毒感染、多发性硬化症、风湿性关节炎、实体器官移植和骨髓移植)、其他并发症和人口统计数据通过N3C data Enclave访问。突破性感染定义为在接种疫苗第14天或之后感染的COVID-19感染,采用稳健SE泊松回归方法对免疫功能障碍或无免疫功能障碍的患者进行全面或部分接种后的风险评估。泊松回归模型在研究期间(2021年6月20日之前或之后[delta前或后变异])、完全疫苗接种状况、疫苗接种前COVID-19感染、人口特征、地理位置和并发症负担进行了控制。

结果:N3C样本共纳入664 722例患者。这些患者的中位(IQR)年龄为51(34-66)岁,主要为女性(n = 378 307[56.9%])。总体而言,新冠肺炎突破性感染的发病率在充分接种疫苗的人群中为5.0‰/1000人月,但在Delta变异株成为优势株后有所上升(2021年6月20日之前的发病率与2021年6月20日之后的发病率分别为2.2[95%CI,2.2~2.2]vs 7.3[95%CI,7.3~7.4]/1000人月)。与部分接种相比,完全接种可降低28%的突破性感染风险(调整后的IRR[AIRR],0.72;95%CI,0.68-0.76)。在全面接种疫苗后出现突破性感染的人更有可能是老年人和女性。HIV感染(AIRR,1.33;95%CI,1.18-1.49)、类风湿性关节炎(AIRR,1.20;95%CI,1.09-1.32)和实体器官移植(AIRR,2.16;95%CI,1.96-2.38)的突破性感染率较高。

结论和意义:这项队列研究发现,无论患者的免疫状态如何,充分接种疫苗与降低COVID-19突破性感染风险有关。尽管进行了充分的疫苗接种,但免疫功能障碍的人发生COVID-19突破性感染的风险明显高于没有这种情况的人。对于免疫功能障碍的人,即使在完全接种疫苗后,也建议继续使用非药物干预措施(如戴口罩)和替代疫苗策略(如加强针或免疫原性测试)。

原文出处:Sun J,  Zheng Q,  Madhira V,et al.Association Between Immune Dysfunction and COVID-19 Breakthrough Infection After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in the US.JAMA Intern Med 2021 Dec 28

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    2022-01-25 hukaixun
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    2022-01-13 小刀医生
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938070, encodeId=d55a19380e008, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02de15902d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS-CoV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15902, encryptionId=02de15902d3, topicName=SARS-CoV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Tue Jan 25 19:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1838027, encodeId=5be1183802ece, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f34e253206' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#相关性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72532, encryptionId=3f34e253206, topicName=相关性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=shenxlcyp, createdTime=Sat Nov 26 09:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1258135, encodeId=ba31125813594, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f538e0501e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗接种#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70501, encryptionId=f538e0501e9, topicName=疫苗接种)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Thu Jan 13 14:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321339, encodeId=2b6f1321339ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Thu Jan 13 14:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421421, encodeId=5aa8142142167, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09d33294eb8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#功能障碍#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32947, encryptionId=09d33294eb8, topicName=功能障碍)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b3493649807, createdName=naiwu78, createdTime=Thu Jan 13 14:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1513558, encodeId=bf30151355866, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9293289e30d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫功能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28973, encryptionId=9293289e30d, topicName=免疫功能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Thu Jan 13 14:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611406, encodeId=15951611406ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jan 13 14:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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