小儿麻痹症袭击马里和乌克兰,由疫苗引发

2015-09-12 MedSci MedSci原创

马里和乌克兰出现小儿麻痹症疫情。图片来源:B. K. BANGASH 9月7日,马里的一名儿童被确诊患有小儿麻痹症,这距离乌克兰西南部出现两例确诊病例仅1周。虽然两地的小儿麻痹症暴发并不相关,但这些病例都是由疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒(VDPV)引发的。当一种被用于活疫苗的病毒摆脱削弱状态并重新获得毒性后,这些罕见的VDPV就会出现。由于这两个地区的疫苗接种率较低,因此VDPV将带来极大危害——

马里和乌克兰出现小儿麻痹症疫情。图片来源:B. K. BANGASH

9月7日,马里的一名儿童被确诊患有小儿麻痹症,这距离乌克兰西南部出现两例确诊病例仅1周。虽然两地的小儿麻痹症暴发并不相关,但这些病例都是由疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒(VDPV)引发的。当一种被用于活疫苗的病毒摆脱削弱状态并重新获得毒性后,这些罕见的VDPV就会出现。由于这两个地区的疫苗接种率较低,因此VDPV将带来极大危害——疫苗菌株能够传播和积累基因突变。

在西非,一个19个月大的几内亚男孩于7月20日出现麻痹症状,然后被家人带到马里首都接受治疗,并被确诊患有小儿麻痹症。而其携带的VDPV Ⅱ型病毒与2014年几内亚康康地区发现的病毒有密切关系。研究人员认为,这种病毒传播了2年而未被发现。由于西非地区的健康系统已被摧毁且免疫率较低,世界卫生组织(WHO)认为这里具有高度传播风险。

6月30日和7月7日,一名10个月大和一名4岁的儿童出现麻痹症状。8月31日确定他们感染了VDPVⅠ型病毒。这两名儿童以前都未接种过小儿麻痹症疫苗,患病之后即告瘫痪。WHO发言人表示,出现在乌克兰的病毒株是由于该国疫苗接种率的明显差距所致。2014年,多达50%的儿童未经免疫或免疫程度低,所以易感儿童数量较多,这就增加了小儿麻痹症重新出现或者被重新引入的风险。尽管国际传播风险较低,但该病毒在乌克兰境内的传播风险很高。

WHO全球小儿麻痹症根除计划负责人Hamid Jafari表示,这两场暴发提醒各国应紧急停止使用口服活疫苗。WHO还表示,VDPV的最终威胁取决于如何迅速和紧迫地应对疫情。一个完整和快速应对将在几个月内阻止该菌株继续传播。但如果疫情响应延迟或不完全执行,那么病毒将蔓延。小儿麻痹症也称脊髓灰质炎,是能导致瘫痪甚至死亡的一种疾病。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689964, encodeId=9fb716899641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=47bf2333975' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乌克兰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23339, encryptionId=47bf2333975, topicName=乌克兰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=893828933984, createdName=minhuang75_72521593, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743703, encodeId=49f61e43703bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76294695024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小儿麻痹症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46950, encryptionId=76294695024, topicName=小儿麻痹症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d65735191709, createdName=liubm567, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 09:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38214, encodeId=0b8c38214e9, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36866, encodeId=7b4d36866d5, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36867, encodeId=05ac3686ec6, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689964, encodeId=9fb716899641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=47bf2333975' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乌克兰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23339, encryptionId=47bf2333975, topicName=乌克兰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=893828933984, createdName=minhuang75_72521593, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743703, encodeId=49f61e43703bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76294695024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小儿麻痹症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46950, encryptionId=76294695024, topicName=小儿麻痹症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d65735191709, createdName=liubm567, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 09:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38214, encodeId=0b8c38214e9, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36866, encodeId=7b4d36866d5, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36867, encodeId=05ac3686ec6, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689964, encodeId=9fb716899641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=47bf2333975' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乌克兰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23339, encryptionId=47bf2333975, topicName=乌克兰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=893828933984, createdName=minhuang75_72521593, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743703, encodeId=49f61e43703bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76294695024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小儿麻痹症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46950, encryptionId=76294695024, topicName=小儿麻痹症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d65735191709, createdName=liubm567, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 09:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38214, encodeId=0b8c38214e9, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36866, encodeId=7b4d36866d5, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36867, encodeId=05ac3686ec6, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-08 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写得很好

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689964, encodeId=9fb716899641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=47bf2333975' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乌克兰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23339, encryptionId=47bf2333975, topicName=乌克兰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=893828933984, createdName=minhuang75_72521593, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743703, encodeId=49f61e43703bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76294695024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小儿麻痹症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46950, encryptionId=76294695024, topicName=小儿麻痹症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d65735191709, createdName=liubm567, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 09:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38214, encodeId=0b8c38214e9, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36866, encodeId=7b4d36866d5, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36867, encodeId=05ac3686ec6, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-13 lovejing

    沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689964, encodeId=9fb716899641a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=47bf2333975' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乌克兰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23339, encryptionId=47bf2333975, topicName=乌克兰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=893828933984, createdName=minhuang75_72521593, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743703, encodeId=49f61e43703bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76294695024' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小儿麻痹症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46950, encryptionId=76294695024, topicName=小儿麻痹症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d65735191709, createdName=liubm567, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 09:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38214, encodeId=0b8c38214e9, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36866, encodeId=7b4d36866d5, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36867, encodeId=05ac3686ec6, content=沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 07:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-13 lovejing

    沙发兄得回复虽然不懂,但是好高大上得赶脚

    0

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外媒称, 一份新的研究报告说,导致小儿麻痹症的一种病毒毒株可能已经在全世界范围内被根除。 据美国趣味科学网站11月13日报道,据世界卫生组织和美国疾病控制和预防中心的研究人员说,到目前为止,因3型脊髓灰质炎病毒毒株而导致的小儿麻痹症已经有两年时间没有出现病例报告。 对于全球为彻底消除小儿麻痹症所做的努力而言,3型脊髓灰质炎病毒可能被根除的消息将是一个“具有历史意义的里程碑”。 不过