Cell Chem Biol:免疫+抗生素组合拳,能解决细菌耐药性吗?

2018-07-09 药明康德 药明康德

利用人体免疫力已被证明是治疗癌症的有效方法,美国宾州Lehigh大学的科学家们正在用同样的思路来辅助现有抗生素治疗耐药菌。

利用人体免疫力已被证明是治疗癌症的有效方法,美国宾州Lehigh大学的科学家们正在用同样的思路来辅助现有抗生素治疗耐药菌。

目前,世界上有数百万人被耐药性极强的超级细菌(superbugs)所感染,每年约70万人死于耐药性感染抗生素耐药问题日益突出,人们急需研发新型抗生素来抵抗超级细菌的入侵。其中作为引起人类感染性疾病的主要病原之一,革兰氏阴性菌对临床常用抗生素有很强的耐药性,是当前最受关注的耐药菌。


免疫抗生素”示意图:抗原表位与多粘菌素B接合

Lehigh大学生物化学副教授Marcos Pires博士领导的团队将抗原表位(可被自身免疫系统识别)与多粘菌素B(polymyxinB,一种colistin)连接起来,创建了他们称之为“细菌免疫治疗”或“免疫抗生素”的新型组合产物去抵御耐药菌。其中“多粘菌素B”可与革兰氏阴性菌表面的脂类A特异性结合,而“抗原表位”可以引发免疫反应。试验结果显示,该产物可以在人体血清内杀死大量的大肠杆菌,同时可以在活体宿主中结合在革兰氏阴性菌的表面上。这一结果于近期发表在《Journal Cell Chemical Biology》上。此外,他们还与Lehigh大学Wonpil Im教授的团队合作,通过计算生物物理学的方法研究抗生素与细菌膜的相互作用,建设了一个阐明免疫反应发生后细胞表面变化的模型。

Pires教授团队过去曾经将人体可识别的抗原与D-氨基酸接合在一起。革兰氏阳性菌合成外膜时会使用这些改装过的、连接抗原的D-氨基酸,进而可以引发人体的免疫反应。但对于大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌这些革兰氏阴性菌来说就没那么容易了。革兰氏阴性菌的细胞膜有一层额外保护,使得他们难以被杀死,同时这些细菌也在不停进化,造成抗生素失效,让抵抗这类细菌变得愈加困难。

很多科学家都在研究如何对抗革兰氏阴性菌的自我保护,例如一个基因泰克(Genentech)团队也在通过免疫学的思路来解决这一问题。他们设计了一种单克隆抗体可以特异性地与BamA(β-barrel assembly machine,β-桶蛋白组合酶)结合。BamA可以帮助革兰氏阴性菌细胞膜β桶蛋白(β-barrel proteins)的折叠和嵌入整合。拮抗BamA则可以抑制细胞膜β桶蛋白的折叠,导致周质应激压力,破坏外膜完整性,进而杀死细菌。基因泰克的研究结果于近期发表在《PNAS》上。

Pires博士表示:“试验结果说明这一合成产物可以在杀死细菌的同时引发免疫反应,利用这样的组合拳击毙难以杀死的细菌,我们相信这样的方法很有潜力,值得进一步开展体内研究。”

接下来,Pires博士的团队计划在复杂动物中进行体内研究,他们也在考虑类似基因泰克团队的方法,即不但利用人体自由的免疫反应,同时要加入互补的外源单克隆抗体以获得更好的效果。

原始出处:

Mary Sabulski Feigman,et al.Synthetic Immunotherapeutics against Gram-negative Pathogens.Cell Chem Biol.July 5, 2018

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    2018-12-06 hxj0128
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    2018-08-13 维他命
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    2018-12-18 sunylz
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1973年,Steinman和Cohn在观察脾脏细胞时发现了一类细胞, 因其具有树突的形态故命名为树突状细胞(dendritic cells, DCs)。DC是目前已知的功能最强的专职抗原提呈细胞(antigen presenting cells, APCs),其膜表面高表达MHC-II类分子,能有效刺激初始型T细胞活化, 其抗原提呈能力远强于巨噬细胞和B细胞。因此,DC是机体免疫应答的主要启动者

CLIN CANCER RES:叶酸受体抗原肽疫苗在乳腺癌和卵巢癌患者中可以诱导免疫

叶酸受体(FR)在几种肿瘤中过表达。在患者中发现了针对叶酸受体的内源性免疫,使得通过疫苗或其他免疫治疗靶向叶酸受体成为可能。CD4辅助性T细胞在免疫发展过程中至关重要,之前的研究证实其在预防复发方面有重要意义。来源于人叶酸受体的HLA-Ⅱ类表位可以诱导出覆盖范围较大的抗原表位池,在增强抗原特异性免疫反应方面均有潜在意义。CLIN CANCER RES近期发表了一篇文章,对这一问题进行研究。

Science:肠道微生物能调节肝脏抗肿瘤免疫功能

近日,科学家在微生物组基础研究领域又有了新的突破。5月25日发表在《Science》上的一项研究发现,肠道细菌与肝脏中的抗肿瘤免疫反应之间存在关联。该研究由美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)的癌症研究中心(CCR)主导。

预防破伤风 先要堵上免疫缺口

老王的不幸与厨师的尴尬 河北老王,今年50岁,在一次全家聚餐中和三弟为点鸡毛蒜皮的事情吵起来,三弟从院子里抄起一块脏砖,照着老王后脑就是一下……老王伸手向后脑摸去,一手鲜血。第二天家里人看伤口没继续出血,都没再当回事。第八天,老王背开始向后抽,五六分钟一次,一抽就是1分钟。结合老王的“苦笑面容”“角弓反张”,医生考虑:破伤风!老王也因为这次的事件受尽苦楚且花费巨大。

Canakinumab可将痛风发生率降低一半以上

痛风是一种非常常见的疾病,是一种由于嘌呤生物合成代谢增加,尿酸产生过多或因尿酸排泄不良而致血中尿酸升高,尿酸盐结晶沉积在关节滑膜、滑囊、软骨及其他组织中引起的反复发作性炎性疾病

Nat Commun:新研究发现一种新的非传统免疫细胞可以对抗病毒感染

由伯明翰大学领导的研究发现了一种新的非传统免疫细胞可以对抗病毒感染。这项研究于近日发表在《Nature Communications》上,聚焦于控制我们免疫系统的T细胞,该研究由他们与荷兰学术医学中心和俄罗斯科学技术研究所合作完成。