肾功能下降后还能用非布司他降尿酸吗?用什么药来保肾?

2019-01-26 李青(天津市泰达医院) 李青科普

一个50岁患者咨询:痛风10年,长期服用止痛药止痛,1年前出现胃溃疡而改用非布司他降尿酸,每天一片40mg,痛风没再发作,但最近体检发现血肌酐升高,问还能不能继续服用非布司他?他的血压也高,已经服用代文治疗,血压达标,但肾功能下降了怎么保肾?

一个50岁患者咨询:痛风10年,长期服用止痛药止痛,1年前出现溃疡而改用非布司他降尿酸,每天一片40mg,痛风没再发作,但最近体检发现血肌酐升高,问还能不能继续服用非布司他?他的血压也高,已经服用代文治疗,血压达标,但肾功能下降了怎么保肾?

这位患者的问题具有普遍性,相信许多人有他同样的疑问。

一、血肌酐升高的原因

血肌酐升高,就意味着肾功能下降,分析他肾功能下降的原因是痛风,此外,长期服用止痛药也逃不了干系。

长期高尿酸血症、痛风可导致痛风性肾病,如长期得不到控制,肾病加重会引起肾功能下降、慢性肾衰竭。根据病史分析,他应该属于这一种情况。

此外,治疗痛风的止痛药,专业上称“非甾体抗炎药”,比如阿司匹林、安乃近、消炎痛、布洛芬、美洛昔康等,具有退热、止痛等作用。此类药有两大副作用,一是粘膜损伤、胃溃疡,另一个就是肾损害。这位患者长期服用,已经出现了胃溃疡,分析肾功能下降它也脱不了干系。

二、肾功能下降了还能用非布司他吗?

非布司他是黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,通过抑制尿酸生成而发挥降尿酸作用。每天服用一次即可,推荐治疗剂量是40~80mg/d,每天40mg的剂量是比较安全的。

非布司他通过肝脏代谢,对肾脏无损害,而且肾功能下降后也不影响其在体内的代谢,但肾小球滤过率低于20ml/min后要慎用或者减量。

这位患者的血肌酐轻度升高,肾小球滤过率60ml/min以上,非布司他可放心使用。而且他这种病情,非布司他应该长期服用,长期将血尿酸控制在300μmol/L,可大大减少甚至控制痛风发作,并延缓肾损伤。

事实上,他对痛风的处理一直是错误的。这么多年不降尿酸而是被动的使用止痛药,结果不但痛风没有控制,而且还出现了肾功能损害。如果他早用降尿酸药控制血尿酸达标,也许他不会遭受10年痛风煎熬,也可能不会发生肾功能受损。他使用非布司他降尿酸后,1年内没有发生痛风,也反证了他9年时间一直在错误治疗。

三、肾功能下降后,如果痛风发作,应该选择什么止痛药?

目前,急性痛风发作期推荐的治疗药物有三类:秋水仙碱、非甾体抗炎药和糖皮质激素,一般选一种即可。其中前两者是一线药,应该首选。

但是,如果秋水仙碱和非甾体抗炎药仍控制不了疼痛,可使用激素治疗。此外,二者对肾脏都有损害作用,所以,肾功能减退的患者痛风发作,应首选激素治疗。也就是说,他如果再发生痛风,就应该直接选用激素了,比如美卓乐(甲泼尼龙)、泼尼松等。

四、肾功能下降了,用什么药保肾?

这位患者问我,他的肾功能不好了,怎么治疗。我告诉他,他目前用的代文就可以;他又追问,怎么保肾。我告诉他,代文就可以保肾。

目前临床上有证据明确证实的、具有延缓肾损害(保肾)作用的药物有普利类和沙坦类降压药,二者都具有降压、降尿蛋白和延缓肾损害的作用,可用于各种慢性肾脏病的治疗。

代文的化学名字叫缬沙坦,是沙坦类降压药的代表药之一,长期使用具有肾保护作用,所以终身服用代文就可以了。

此外,最新上市的列净类降糖药比如卡格列净、达格列净、恩格列净也已经被证实对糖尿病肾病具有肾保护作用。

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    2019-09-28 whlxd
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    2019-10-07 yese
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    2019-01-26 深海的鱼

    学习学习学习

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1926950, encodeId=2bca192695005, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797e98160fe' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降尿酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98160, encryptionId=797e98160fe, topicName=降尿酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ef84111, createdName=whlxd, createdTime=Sat Sep 28 10:53:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721764, encodeId=72931e217644d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=852f9939eda' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非布司他#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99397, encryptionId=852f9939eda, topicName=非布司他)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bd1133082510, createdName=dinorsor535, createdTime=Mon Nov 04 16:53:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1850704, encodeId=3e281850e04db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46c682469e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾功能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82469, encryptionId=46c682469e4, topicName=肾功能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28d456, createdName=yese, createdTime=Mon Oct 07 01:53:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537213, encodeId=afb8153e213b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc66824e015' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾功能下降#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82470, encryptionId=fc66824e015, topicName=肾功能下降)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ceb912833334, createdName=syscxl, createdTime=Sun Jan 27 17:53:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=359248, encodeId=89b835924851, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Sat Jan 26 07:55:55 CST 2019, time=2019-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=359247, encodeId=bab635924ed9, content=不对哦,滤过率下降到一定值就不能用ACEI类的降压药了哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c932483160, createdName=12461dbam02暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jan 26 07:26:20 CST 2019, time=2019-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-26 12461dbam02暂无昵称

    不对哦,滤过率下降到一定值就不能用ACEI类的降压药了哦

    0

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