Alzheimers Dementia:阿尔兹海默症:突触密度,和认知功能细细相关

2022-03-11 Freeman MedSci原创

突触密度和认知表现之间有明显的关联

30年来,突触丧失被称为阿尔茨海默病(AD)认知障碍的主要病理相关因素。 然而,这种说法的依据是通过尸检或在有限的脑区进行活检研究的极少数患者,这些患者大多处于疾病的中、重度阶段。 最早将突触缺失与AD的认知障碍联系起来的努力来自于一项单一的脑活检研究1和一项单一的尸检研究,这两项研究主要在中度到重度痴呆的参与者中进行。

随后的一项临床病理调查纳入了轻度认知障碍(MCI)的个体,并将重点放在海马上,证明齿状回(外分子层)的突触数量与死前的认知表现相关,在一个集合样本中,包括晚期痴呆患者和正常对照组。 然而,这些结果部分来自于纳入认知正常(CN)和神经病理学证实的对照,因此可能不适用于AD连续体中的突触损失。

随着最近突触正电子发射断层扫描(PET)成像的出现,我们已经开始评估体内突触的改变。 突触囊糖蛋白2A(SV2A)几乎在所有的突触中表达,并位于突触前终端的突触囊中。

最近,[11C]UCB-J被开发为SV2A的PET示踪剂,并被推进到人体研究。

耶鲁大学的Adam P.Mecca等人观察到:与CN参与者相比,AD早期内侧颞部和新皮质脑区的SV2A结合广泛减少。 然而,使用PET成像将突触密度与认知表现联系起来的初步尝试由于使用了有限的认知措施而受到阻碍。

藉此,他们使用[11C]UCB-J PET和广泛的神经心理学测试量表来研究早期AD的突触密度和认知表现之间的关系。

他们研究了45名早期AD患者通过[11 C]UCB-J PET测量的突触密度与神经心理测试表现之间的关系。具体来说,研究样本包括64名参与者-45名AD患者(28名轻度痴呆患者,17名MCI患者),以及19名CN患者。

在早期AD患者中,全局突触密度与全局认知和五个单独认知领域的表现有明显的正相关。突触密度对认知表现的预测作用比灰质体积更强。

主要分析调查了AD组中受影响区域的整体突触密度(DVR)与整体认知之间的关系。以DVR为预测因素,以全局认知为结果的多元线性回归模型是显著的(F[4, 40] = 6.19, P = 0.001, R2 = 0.38),突触密度是全球认知的显著预测因素。

以全局PVC-DVR为预测因素,以全局认知为结果的多元线性回归模型是显著的(F[4, 40] = 4.93, P = 0.003, R2 = 0.33),突触密度是全局认知的显著预测因素(β = 2.16, η2 = 0.23, P = 0.001)

而以GM体积为预测因素,以全局认知为结果的多元线性回归模型是显著的(F[4, 40] = 3.57, P = 0.014, R2 = 0.26)。

由此可见,这些结果证实了神经病理学研究表明突触密度和认知表现之间有明显的关联,并表明这种关联延伸到AD的早期阶段。

 

原文出处:
Mecca AP, O’Dell RS, Sharp ES, et al. Synaptic density and cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease: A PET imaging study with [ 11 C]UCB‐J. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online February 17, 2022:alz.12582. doi:10.1002/alz.12582

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    2022-08-15 anminleiryan
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