Cell Research :北京大学徐成冉团队揭示肝脏细胞的动态发育过程

2020-07-22 叶子 iNature

在胚胎发生过程中,肝脏是肝发生和造血的场所,并包含许多源自内胚层和中胚层的细胞谱系。但是,许多细胞谱系的特征和发育程序仍然不清楚,尤其是在人类中。

在胚胎发生过程中,肝脏是肝发生和造血的场所,并包含许多源自内胚层和中胚层的细胞谱系。但是,许多细胞谱系的特征和发育程序仍然不清楚,尤其是在人类中。


2020年7月20日,北京大学徐成冉团队在Cell Research 在线发表题为“Comparative analysis of cell lineage differentiation during hepatogenesis in humans and mice at the single-cell transcriptome level”的研究论,该研究对人类和小鼠胎儿肝脏进行了单细胞RNA测序。


该研究确定了内胚层来源的,红系,非红系造血和中胚层来源的非造血细胞的四个细胞谱系家族,并定义了主要细胞谱系家族的发育途径。在人类和小鼠中,该研究都鉴定了肝谱系的新标记和成肝细胞的ID3 +亚群,并验证了成肝细胞的分化遵循“默认定向”模型。此外,该研究发现人类而非小鼠的胎儿肝细胞显示出与代谢相关基因表达相关的异质性。该研究描述了人类和小鼠造血过程中红系祖细胞的发育过程。此外,尽管通常会保留物种之间的细胞分化程序,但该研究在人类和小鼠胎儿肝脏的造血过程中观察到了不同的细胞谱系组成。综上所述,这些结果揭示了胎儿肝脏发育的动态细胞格局,并说明了物种之间肝脏发育的异同,为体外诱导各种肝细胞谱系提供了广泛的资源。


肝脏由20多种细胞类型组成,包括肝细胞,胆管细胞,肝内皮细胞,肝星状细胞,Kupffer细胞,间皮细胞和各种循环免疫细胞,这些细胞都被组织起来构成了肝脏的基础功能包括营养代谢,药物排毒和免疫反应。细胞谱系分化和器官发生主要发生在胎儿期。尽管已经研究了小鼠肝脏中整个胚胎发育过程中某些细胞谱系的发育,但胚胎形成过程中的细胞类型组成及其发育途径尚未得到全面定义,特别是在人类中。此外,对小鼠和人类这两个重要物种之间的胚胎肝脏发育进行比较研究,对肝脏发育和再生机制的理解也至关重要,但对人类和小鼠之间肝脏发育的保守程度了解甚少。


在胚胎发生过程中,肝细胞和胆管细胞是大多数肝功能的两个主要谱系,是从双能成肝细胞衍生而来的,人们普遍认为它们是在人类或胚胎形成后几天(4天)从内胚层起源。一些单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)研究已经研究了构成肝谱系的发育过程。先前的scRNA-seq分析揭示了小鼠成肝细胞分化的“默认导向”模型,在此模型中,已经开始表达肝细胞功能相关基因cho成为肝细胞的默认命运,而胆管细胞分化则涉及通过从头激活额外的转录因子和多个信号通路(包括Sox4,Sox9,Hnf1b和Notch,Tgfb,Wnt,FGF,Hippo-Yap)以及MAPK通路。但是,这种“默认导向”的调控策略是否在人类中仍是未知的。


在成肝细胞增殖和肝芽形成的过程中,周围的中胚层衍生细胞侵入发育中的肝组织,并进一步分化为各种血管和间充质细胞,后者产生肝星状细胞和间皮细胞。这些中胚层衍生的细胞提供关键信号调节肝胆发育并促进肝脏结构的形成。然而,这些在肝脏中中胚层衍生的细胞的细胞命运仍然未知。


胚胎肝脏是胚胎发生过程中造血的基本器官。源自卵黄囊的造血干细胞和祖细胞(HSPC)通过产生造血活动受限的细胞(例如循环中的原始红细胞,巨核细胞等)区域的HSPC引发了另一次造血“波”,在血管中循环并播种了胎儿肝脏。HSPC进入肝芽的时间大约是人类的W6或小鼠的E12.0。然后,胎肝成为主要的造血器官,并为HSPC的增殖和分化提供了特定的构造。使用scRNA-seq,最近的一些研究揭示了人类胚胎肝脏中造血功能的精确模型。但是,胚胎肝脏造血模型是否在所有物种中保守仍不清楚。


在这项研究中,研究人员在人类从W5到W19以及小鼠从E11.0到E17.5的发育时间内对胚胎肝脏进行了无偏态的scRNA-seq。该研究系统地确定了四个主要的细胞谱系家族:内胚层谱系,红系谱系,非红系造血谱系和中胚层衍生的非造血谱系,以及人类和小鼠每个家族中的各种特定细胞类型。 该研究还定义了人类和小鼠胚胎肝脏中的细胞谱系分化途径。此外,该研究观察到小鼠和人类胚胎肝脏发育过程中基因表达,细胞组成,细胞异质性和谱系分化途径的显着差异。

原始出处:

Xin Wang 1, Li Yang 1, Yan-Chun Wang 2,et al.Comparative analysis of cell lineage differentiation during hepatogenesis in humans and mice at the single-cell transcriptome level.Cell Res. 2020 Jul 20. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0378-6. Online ahead of print.

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    2021-01-07 维他命
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    2020-07-24 neurowu
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