国际癌研组织IARC:我国适龄女孩接种HPV疫苗将减少超9成宫颈癌患者!

2021-04-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该研究对日益加重的子宫颈癌负担和HPV疫苗接种的预期影响进行了详细估计,对公共卫生决策者具有直接意义。

宫颈癌是全球妇女第四大常见癌症,也是撒哈拉以南非洲妇女癌症相关死亡率的最大来源。数据显示,2018年约有57万例宫颈癌新发病例与31万死亡病例。全球不同地区的发病率仍有明显差异,从2008-12年期间,每10万名妇女的发病率从2到85例不等。

人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是导致宫颈癌的重要原因。针对宫颈癌中最常见的高危HPV类型的有效预防疫苗问世已超过10年,目前已显示出高度的安全性和对持续的HPV感染、癌前病变和侵袭性宫颈癌的疗效。因此HPV疫苗接种方案已被证明在全世界广泛范围中具有成本效益。

然而,不同区域将HPV疫苗接种纳入其国家扩大免疫计划的一部分时面临着多种障碍。这些障碍包括疫苗供应短缺、预算限制、疫苗中断、以及医疗服务不能持续连接等,如 COVID-19 大流行期间发生的情况。

因此,截止到2019年,只有96个国家(大多是高收入国家)引进了该疫苗。此外,在许多国家,HPV疫苗在适龄女孩中的覆盖率还远远达不到世卫组织(WHO)建议标准——90%的女孩在15岁前完成HPV疫苗接种。

WHO为此发起了一项旨在消除宫颈癌这一公共卫生问题的倡议。最近,WHO下属国际癌症研究组织IARC在《柳叶刀》子刊Lancet Public Health杂志上对全球不同国家和地区宫颈癌负担和HPV疫苗接种对适龄接种女孩的影响预测。

结合2018年GLOBOCAN的特定年龄发病率和联合国人口预测的特定年龄组死亡率估算了2005年至2014年出生的女孩在没有接种疫苗的情况下,宫颈癌病例的预期数量。而可预防的癌症数则根据可归因于疫苗接种的HPV流行率降低和每种HPV类型对宫颈癌发病率的相对贡献来估计。

结果显示,在全球范围内,如果不进行疫苗接种,预计到2094年,目前6-15岁(即2005-2014年出生)的女性宫颈癌负担将达到1160万例。其中,约75%的负担将集中在主要位于非洲和亚洲的25个国家,这些国家未来的病例数预计将成倍增加。

中国作为人口基数最大的国家,自然而然也是宫颈癌负担最高的国家之一。数据显示,目前中国约有近8000万适龄女孩,如不接种疫苗,86.8万人将在2094年前患上宫颈癌,换言之,这些女孩每1000人中就有11人将罹患宫颈癌。

研究人员进一步发现,如果是接种九价HPV疫苗,增加对HPV 31、33、45、52、58型的预防,全球可预防的宫颈癌病例数将增加至1020万例(88%),中国将预防78.6万例(90.6%)宫颈癌!

此外,人口结构的变化也将影响未来宫颈癌的年龄分布。2018年,全球72.7%的病例发生在60岁之前,各大洲的病例年龄分布相似。相比之下,在2005年至2014年出生的女性中,在没有接种疫苗的情况下,预计未来53.6%的宫颈癌(620万例)将在60岁之前发生。

综上,该研究对日益加重的子宫颈癌负担和HPV疫苗接种的预期影响进行了详细估计,对公共卫生决策者具有直接意义。

 

参考文献:

Global estimates of expected and preventable cervical cancers among girls born between 2005 and 2014: a birth cohort analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00046-3

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    2021-06-26 jambiya
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    2021-04-22 科研科研科研

    接种HPV疫苗

    0

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    2021-04-18 一闲
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    2021-04-17 122b0ab8m98(暂无昵称)

    已接种~

    0

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    2021-04-17 ms6000000488074364

    0