American Journal of Psychiatry:长期吸食大麻者中年出现认知缺陷和海马萎缩

2022-03-16 影像小生 MedSci原创

长期吸食大麻的人在中年出现认知缺陷和较小的海马体积。需要研究以确定长期大麻使用者在晚年是否表现出更高的痴呆率。

青少年和年轻大麻吸食者表现出轻微的认知缺陷和大脑结构差异。因为中年轻度认知缺陷和更严重的海马萎缩是后期痴呆的风险因素。对中老年大麻吸食者的研究就尤为重要,但尚不清楚中年和有较长吸食史的老年人是否存在更大的认知缺陷和大脑结构差异。

1.是否所有中年和老年大麻吸食者都有风险?

2.大麻吸食者的认知缺陷、大脑差异与酒精或烟草吸食者相比是否较小;

3.大麻吸食者之间的差异在戒烟后是否仍然存在?如果是这样,这些差异可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。

4.长期吸食大麻者的大脑差异是否是认知缺陷的根源吗?

Madeline H. Meier等在American Journal of Psychiatry杂志发表题为Long-Term Cannabis Use and Cognitive Reserves and Hippocampal Volume in Midlife的研究文章,研究中年和有较长吸食史的老年人是否存在更大的认知缺陷和大脑结构差异。

该研究招募了1037 名1972 年至 1973 年出生的具有代表性的人群中的成员,他们一直到 45 岁,保留率为 94%。

在 18、21、26、32、38 和 45 岁时评估了大麻使用和依赖性。

在 7、9、11 和 45 岁时评估了智商。在 45 岁时评估了特定的神经心理功能和海马体积。

长期吸食大麻的人表现出从童年到中年的智商下降(平均=-5.5 IQ 点),学习和处理速度比童年智商差,并出现记忆和注意力问题。这些缺陷特定于长期大麻使用者。

它们在长期吸烟、喝酒者、中年娱乐性大麻吸食者和大麻戒断者中不存在或较小。

长期吸食大麻者和五个亚组的儿童时期智商、成人时期智商和智商变化的比较

长期吸食大麻者的认知缺陷不能用持续吸烟、饮酒或其他非法药物使用、儿童社会经济地位、儿童自我控制能力低或物质依赖家族史来解释。

长期吸食大麻者显示出较小的海马体积,但较小的海马体积并没有在统计学上介导与大麻相关的认知缺陷。

长期吸食大麻者与海马体积

长期吸食大麻的人在中年出现认知缺陷和较小的海马体积。需要研究以确定长期大麻使用者在晚年是否表现出更高的痴呆率。

原文出处

Meier MH, Caspi A, R Knodt A, et al. Long-Term Cannabis Use and Cognitive Reserves and Hippocampal Volume in Midlife [published online ahead of print, 2022 Mar 8]. Am J Psychiatry. 2022;appiajp202121060664. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21060664

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    2022-03-16 14728657m96暂无昵称

    0

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    2022-03-12 kcb069

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