PLOS Med:育儿干预对婴幼儿认知、语言、运动和社会情感发展的重要作用

2021-05-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

对儿童出生后头三年的养育干预对改善幼儿发展成果和提高低、中、高收入国家的养育成果是有效的。

在全球范围内,估计有2.5亿5岁以下的儿童(43%)由于一系列的营养、健康和社会心理风险,有可能在生命的最初几年无法实现其发展潜力。促进儿童发育的干预措施在生命的前3年尤为重要,因为此时发育中的大脑对经验和环境最为敏感。

虽然包括营养和健康在内的各种类型的干预措施可以支持健康发展,但最近的证据显示,包括直接提高儿童早期学习或加强亲子关系的育儿干预措施对改善早期认知、语言、运动和社会情感的发展更为有效。

其中,父母是幼儿的主要照顾者。为了证实父母响应性的亲子关系和父母在生命最初几年对学习的支持,对于促进儿童早期发展(ECD)的重要作用,来自美国加利佛尼亚大学的专家进行了一项全球性的系统回顾和荟萃分析,结果发表在《美国公共图书馆杂志》PLOS Medicine上。

研究人员在MEDLINE、Embase、PsycINFO、CINAHL、Web of Science和Global Health Library中搜索了到2020.11.15为止的经同行评审的已发表文章。纳入了在儿童出生后3年内实施的亲职干预的随机对照试验(RCTs),这些试验至少评估了1个ECD结果。

ECD结果包括认知、语言、运动和社会情感发展、行为问题和依恋。育儿结果包括育儿知识、育儿实践、亲子互动和父母抑郁症状。研究人员将干预效果大小计算为标准化平均差异(SMD),并使用稳健方差估计元分析方法分别估计每个结果的集合效果大小。

在确定的11920篇文章中,经过筛选共纳入了111篇文章,代表102个独特的RCTs。汇总效应大小表明,父母干预对促进儿童认知发展(SMD=0.32)、语言发展(SMD=0.28)、运动发展(SMD=0.24),社会情感发展(SMD = 0.19),依恋(SMD = 0.29)和行为问题的减少(SMD = -0.13)都密切相关。同时,对育儿知识(SMD=0.56)、育儿实践(SMD=0.33)和亲子互动(SMD=0.39)方面也发现有积极的好处。

试验流程

亚组分析显示,与高收入国家相比,中低收入国家对儿童认知、语言和运动发展以及养育方式的影响明显更大;与不注重回应性照料的试验相比,注重回应性照料的试验对儿童认知发展、养育知识、养育方式以及亲子互动的影响明显更大。

然而,父母的抑郁症状没有明显减少(SMD = -0.07)。另一方面,没有明确的证据表明效果因儿童年龄、干预时间、实施方式、环境或研究偏倚风险而有所改变。

育儿干预措施对亲子互动影响的森林图。

由此可见,对儿童出生后头三年的养育干预对改善幼儿发展成果和提高低、中、高收入国家的养育成果是有效的。为了支持父母并使幼儿充分实现其发展潜力,需要在全球范围内更多地实施有效和高质量的亲职干预措施。

 

参考文献:

Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602

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    2021-05-18 yangjxjc
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    2021-05-16 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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    2021-05-16 害怕的风

    涨姿势#学习#

    0

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