Elife:操纵CRISPR/Cas9“驯化”寄生虫病

2019-01-17 生物通编辑 生物通

乔治华盛顿大学的研究人员首次与泰国、澳大利亚、英国和荷兰等地的研究机构的同事一起通过CRISPR/Cas9技术遏制了血吸虫病和肝吸虫感染,成果发表在eLife杂志。

乔治华盛顿大学的研究人员首次与泰国、澳大利亚、英国和荷兰等地的研究机构的同事一起通过CRISPR/Cas9技术遏制了血吸虫病和肝吸虫感染,成果发表在eLife杂志。

在东南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲和拉丁美洲,血吸虫病和肝吸虫感染影响着25多亿人口。乔治华盛顿大学的研究人员成功利用基因编辑工具CRISPR/Cas9第一次“驯服”了寄生虫感染。

“我们使用CRISPR/Cas9敲除基因后,动物模型感染症状明显减轻,”首席作者、微生物学、免疫学和热带医学教授Paul Brindley博士说。“我们的研究还表明,这种革命性的新生物医学方法——CRISPR/Cas9——可以用于研究寄生虫,以解决热带气候中的一个主要的公共卫生问题。”

CRISPR/Cas9是一项新技术,它使研究人员能够精确定位和消除产生特定蛋白质所需的遗传信息。虽然该工具曾在其他物种中被使用,但目前尚不清楚是否能应用于曼氏血吸虫和间日疟原虫,它们是引起血吸虫病和肝吸虫感染的祸根。

血吸虫病可导致严重的健康问题:肝脏和肾脏损伤,不孕和膀胱癌。生活在淡水里的曼氏血吸虫通过皮肤钻入人体,一旦进入血液,它就与马上进入各种器官迅速繁殖,它们的卵会释放几种分子,其中包括一个名为ω-1核糖核酸酶的蛋白质,这种蛋白会损害周围组织。于是Brindley和他的研究小组用CRISPR/Cas9敲除了这种蛋白质,发现可以大大降低疾病影响。

肝吸虫感染会引起一种名为胆道癌的肝癌,这种寄生虫通过未煮熟的鱼(传统东南亚菜肴)传播。一旦进入人体,寄生虫就会定居在人类肝脏,分泌一种被称为颗粒蛋白的蛋白质,这种蛋白促使干细胞繁殖,从而增加患癌症的风险。Brindley和其研究小组使用CRISPR/Cas9失活编码颗粒蛋白的基因,寄生虫因此只能产生极少的这种蛋白,从而显着地减少了肝吸虫感染症状。

“这些长期 被忽视的热带疾病影响了超过25亿人,这些人主要生活在东南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲和拉丁美洲,”Brindley 说“CRISPR/Cas9是一种可以限制寄生虫感染的工具,随着我们努力地了解这些寄生虫是如何侵入和损害我们的身体,我们最终将能找到治疗和控制疾病的新思路。”

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    2019-09-21 clmlylxy
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    2019-09-03 膀胱癌
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    2019-01-19 yuandd
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    2019-01-19 yaanren

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