Alzheimers Dementia : 大规模人群中,神经丝轻链蛋白有何特征?

2021-08-10 Freeman MedSci原创

血浆NfL水平受年龄和老年人常见的医疗并发症的影响很大

尽管脑脊液(CSF)和正电子发射断层扫描(PET)生物标志物将可能成为检测阿尔茨海默病(AD)的最终诊断工具,但仍然迫切需要一种具有成本效益的、非侵入性的、多层次的方法来确定谁应该和不应该接受这些昂贵的、更具侵入性的程序。Sid O’Bryant团队提出,一个多层次的神经诊断过程可以满足这些需求,并表明基于血液的生物标志物谱可以成为检测AD、轻度认知障碍(MCI)、帕金森病、路易体痴呆以及唐氏综合征成人AD和MCI的准确第一步。

随着AD的诊断框架转向AT(N),除了淀粉样β(A)和tau(T)之外,科学家还进行了更多研究神经退行性生物标志物(N)的效用。

近年来,一个更有趣的假定的神经退行性生物标志物是神经丝轻链(NfL),这是一种细胞骨架蛋白,在大直径(large-caliber)有髓轴突中表达,轴突损伤后,会释放到细胞外液中。

尽管NfL在整个生命期都能被检测到,但由于许多研究显示与这种诊断状态相关的水平增加,它作为AD的潜在生物标志物受到了很大的关注。

最近的一项荟萃分析发现,血液和脑脊液的NfL水平有很好的相关性(r = 0.59)。在失忆性轻度认知障碍(aMCI)患者中,发现与认知正常的老年人相比,血浆NfL升高,而且在磁共振成像(MRI)测量的海马体积和中颞回和左下回的总灰质体积较低的患者中,血浆NfL升高。然而,研究结果并不总是一致的,Mielke等人最近发现CSF或血浆NfL与非痴呆老年人的任何神经影像或认知指标之间没有横断面联系。

然而,较高的基线血浆NfL与更大的皮质变薄和MRI各向异性的扩散减少有关,表明随着时间的推移,微结构的完整性丧失。血浆NfL的变化也与全局认知、注意力和淀粉样蛋白PET水平的变化有关。


尽管新的文献显示了种族/民族对AD生物标志物的影响,但很少有研究对不同人群的血浆NfL进行研究。

在此, Sid O’Bryant等人利用拉丁裔老人健康与大脑老化(HABLE)研究,探究了:
(1)描述人口统计学因素和医疗合并症对血浆NfL水平的影响;
(2)检查血浆NfL与认知和神经影像结果之间的联系;
(3)确定这些发现是否因种族而异;
(4)明确测试血浆NfL的两个潜在用途( context of uses,COU)。 COU1是将血浆NfL作为MCI和AD的诊断性生物标志物,COU2是将血浆NfL作为检测大脑淀粉样蛋白的第一步。


他们分析了多民族健康与拉丁裔老人脑部老化研究(HABLE)中n = 890名墨西哥裔美国人和n = 813名非西班牙裔白人的基线数据。在Simoa平台上测量血浆NfL。

他们发现:在未经调整的模型中,NfL与年龄(P < .001)、高血压(P < .001)、血脂异常(P = .02)和糖尿病(P < .001)显著相关。

考虑到年龄和性别,NfL与神经变性(P < .001)和全脑淀粉样蛋白负担水平(P = .02)有关。

NfL水平与诊断组(正常认知[NC]、轻度认知障碍[MCI]、痴呆;P < .001)明显相关;

然而,并没有产生可接受的诊断准确性的临界值。

NfL水平对检测淀粉样蛋白阳性的敏感性为0.60,特异性为0.78,负预测值为89%。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:血浆NfL水平受年龄和老年人常见的医疗并发症的影响很大,这使其作为诊断性生物标志物的效用变得复杂。


原文出处:
O’Bryant S, Petersen M, Hall J, et al. Characterizing plasma NfL in a community‐dwelling multi‐ethnic cohort: Results from the HABLE study. Alzheimer’s &amp; Dementia. Published online July 26, 2021:alz.12404. doi:10.1002/alz.12404

 

 

 

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    2022-03-02 ylz8403
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