JNNP:MRI引导下激光间质热疗法治疗耐药癫痫的系统回顾和荟萃分析

2021-08-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

癫痫(epilepsy)是大脑神经元突发性异常放电,导致短暂的大脑功能障碍的一种慢性疾病。其中约1/3的癫痫患者在药物治疗后仍有癫痫发作,这被称为抗药性癫痫(DRE)。在该类型中,手术切除致痫区是最好

癫痫(epilepsy)是大脑神经元突发性异常放电,导致短暂的大脑功能障碍的一种慢性疾病。其中约1/3的癫痫患者在药物治疗后仍有癫痫发作,这被称为抗药性癫痫(DRE)。在该类型中,手术切除致痫区是最好的治疗方法,同时降低了发病率和死亡率。微创技术,如MRI引导的激光间质热疗(MRgLITT),与手术切除相比,可以减少致痫区,同时降低发病率和死亡率。激光间质热疗尤其适用于深部致痫灶患者。激光间质热疗(LITT)最初提出于1983年,是一种针对多种颅内病变的新型微创技术,已被用于治疗颅内深部、较难以切除的颅内病变,如肿瘤、放射性坏死、脑内或深部核和白质的癫痫病灶等。该技术使用激光尖端探针插入脑部病变的内部,通过加热周围组织来产生可控的热损伤。

术中实时磁共振成像(MRI)测温允许对消融区域进行连续监控,并且消融可随时停止。美国食品和药物管理局批准了Visualase热疗系统(Medtronic,明尼苏达州,美国)于2007年首次用于治疗DRE患者。本文的工作对激光间质热疗现有相关文献进行荟萃分析和系统回顾、包括术后不良事件和重要的手术结果(根据年龄分层),扩展了之前的文献,病因和随访(FU)时间,包括所有年龄段的研究和DRE患者的病因。

Figure 1

系统评价和荟萃分析流程图

搜索了以下数据库:PubMed(1947-2020年11月30日)、Embase.com(1974-2020年11月30日)、Cochrane图书馆(Wiley;1966年至2020年11月)和ClinicalTrials.gov(2000年至2020年5月)。包括的研究符合以下标准:n≥5名患者接受MRI引导的激光消融治疗以治疗DRE,FU持续时间至少为6个月。本文排除了以下研究:(1)与激光消融治疗或结果(癫痫发作情况、再手术率和术后并发症)无关的研究(2) 专注于技术方面,没有患者数据(3) n<5例(4) 包括已在同一癫痫中心的较新文章中发表的较旧数据,以避免重复。四名研究人员(KB、AP、DN和AS)筛选了标题和摘要,以评估其与研究目标的相关性。在第二级筛选期间,(NB和KB)独立评估了所有可能的全文文章。事后筛选和数据提取由JC和NB独立完成。包括的出版物涉及DRE患者激光消融治疗的结果。如果发现来自同一癫痫中心的多个研究,则仅包括患者人数较多的最新手稿,以避免重复数据的偏差。

Figure 5

正方形和水平线对应于术后不良事件率和95%CI

收集的信息包括研究特征(作者、发表年份、研究地点和研究设计)、人群特征,包括人口统计学,如年龄和性别、癫痫病史,如癫痫持续时间、平均FU持续时间、MRI表现和激光消融治疗结果。本文感兴趣的主要结果是癫痫发作,至少6个月的FU。该分类包括四种结果:“无致残性癫痫发作”(1级)、“罕见致残性癫痫发作”(2级)、“值得改善”(3级)和“不值得改善”(4级)。关注的次要结果是术后并发症和再次手术率。

28项研究共包括559名DRE患者。Engel I级结果的总患病率为56%(95%可信区间0.52%-0.60%)。下丘脑错构瘤(HH)患者的癫痫发作率最高,为67%(95%CI 0.57%至0.76%),内侧颞叶癫痫(mTLE)(56%,95%CI 0.50%至0.61%)和颞外癫痫(50%95%CI 0.40%至0.59%)的结果总体上具有可比性。伴有内侧颞叶硬化的mTLE患者比无病变的mTLE患者有更好的预后。术后不良事件发生率为19%(95%可信区间0.14%-0.25%),最常见的不良事件是视野缺损。再次手术率为9%(95%CI为0.05%~0.14%),包括重复消融和手术切除。

Figure 7

Engel 1级结果漏斗图分析

与药物治疗相比,手术切除可显著增加DRE患者的癫痫发作几率。MRgLITT与缩短住院时间、改善治疗效果和减少患者不适感有关。这项荟萃分析表明,至少1年以上FU的MRgLITT患者的合并癫痫发作率为49%至63%。进一步针对ETLE、mTLE和HH患者进行分层研究,癫痫发作的合并患病率分别为50%、56%和67%。这一结果表明,与其他病因相比,HH的治疗效果更佳。mTLE和ETLE患者Engel I结果的合并患病率为分别为56%、和50%。总之,MRgLITT是治疗不同病因DRE的有效和安全的干预手段。

 

 

 

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    2021-12-20 venlin
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    2021-08-07 oliver169
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    2021-08-06 yh6227680

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