BMC Public Health:糖尿病患者自我管理很重要,亟需可实施的患教方案

2021-06-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

近年来,糖尿病患者的护理从单纯的控制血糖和风险因素(血压、高脂血症和吸烟)演变为更为全面综合的自我管理和教育。

近年来,糖尿病患者的护理从单纯的控制血糖和风险因素(血压、高脂血症和吸烟)演变为更为全面综合的自我管理和教育。在美国糖尿病自我管理教育和支持标准中,糖尿病自我管理定义为,一个协作和持续的过程,旨在促进知识、技能和能力的发展,这是成功自我管理糖尿病所必需的

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糖尿病患者管理不仅要注重增加患者对其健康状况的了解,而且要促进生活方式的改变,特别是与坚持用药、提高身体活动水平、健康饮食、心理健康和更好的临床结果(如体重、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂水平、吸烟),最终改善生活质量。

目前,许多国家把患者教育作为对所有糖尿病患者和有患病风险的人进行护理一个重要抓手。在高收入国家,患者教育已经成为糖尿病综合管理的一个重要部分。同样,英国国家健康与护理研究所(NICE)的建议,设计和实施良好的教育计划对糖尿病患者来说是具有成本效益的,应该在诊断前后向每个人提供,并每年进行强化和审查。

近日,发表在BMC Public Health杂志上的一项研究,介绍了巴西糖尿病患者或糖尿病前期患者制定的结构化患者教育计划。研究者通过对相关文献检索,医生患者信息评估,以及指南的审阅等,为巴西糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者制定一种适应当地文化风俗的有效干预措施。

结果显示,在对来自巴西和南美洲过去 10 年的糖尿病指南进行了文献检索发现,7项指南中,有4项涵盖了糖尿病自我管理教育。同时,15 位糖尿病专家确报告,患者对自我管理,身体活动,饮食习惯,糖尿病药物,社会心理和睡眠等主题很感兴趣。研究者推出了糖尿病患者管理的新计划,包括 18 个教育课程,这些课程经过战略规划和排序,以支持计划性的学习和实践,以及一份包含 17 章的患者指南,分为五个部分和匹配的每周讲座。

根据指南设计可实施的患教方案

该计划基于多个群体(患者、专家和其他计划)的需求分析,对教学策略和设计进行编排,从最简单到最复杂的主题结构,包括学习活动、学习评估以及学习资源和材料。另外,通过不同的教学方法对患者进行教育,包括患者和教师的互动、个性化设计和体验式学习。

总的来说,该研究结果显示,即使有大量的证据支持糖尿病患者自我管理的益处,并敦促加以推广,但并不是所有现有的指南都列出了具体的可实施的教育策略。同时,这些指南推荐的方案缺乏成体系的患者教育方案。

原始出处

Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi, Mariana Balbi SeixasDaniele Sirineu PereiraLigia Loiola CisnerosDanielle Guedes Andrade EzequielCrystal AultmanNicole SandisonPaul Oh & Lilian Pinto da Silva .Patient education program for Brazilians living with diabetes and prediabetes: findings from a development study.BMC Public Health .https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11300-y

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    2022-05-20 shizhenshan
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    2021-06-29 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0