Nature:非小细胞肺癌新靶点CLIP1-LTK被发现,劳拉替尼效果不错

2021-12-12 医药魔方Pro 医药魔方Pro

据全球数据统计,在所有类型的癌症中,肺癌的死亡率最高,占癌症相关死亡的19%,占全球总死亡的3%。而非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占肺癌总数的85%,是最常见的肺癌类型。

据全球数据统计,在所有类型的癌症中,肺癌的死亡率最高,占癌症相关死亡的19%,占全球总死亡的3%。而非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占肺癌总数的85%,是最常见的肺癌类型。

致癌因子的发现揭示了NSCLC的发病机制。全面的分子分析表明,在76%的肺腺癌(NSCLC最常见的组织学亚型)样本中,可以识别出受体酪氨酸激酶RAS-RAF通路中的致癌因子。这些突变包括体细胞突变(例如 KRAS、 EGFR 和 BRAF 突变)和融合体突变(例如 ROS1、 ALK 和 RET)。此外,也有研究利用转录组测序的方法在NSCLC中发现了其他致癌融合基因,如CD74-NRG1。

虽然相应激酶抑制剂的研发改善了治疗策略,提高了患者的生存率,但目前尚未研制出针对大部分晚期NSCLC患者的靶向疗法,因为这些患者的肿瘤缺乏已知的致癌因子。

11月24日,在Nature发表的一篇最新研究中,来自日本国立癌症中心的研究人员利用团队自主开发的肺癌基因组筛选平台(LC-SCRUM-Asia)筛选潜在的肺癌致癌因子,通过一系列研究验证,他们发现CLIP1-LTK是治疗NSCLC的新靶点,使用抑制剂劳拉替尼(lorlatinib)治疗首例携带CLIP1-LTK的NSCLC患者后,取得了良好的临床结果。

图片

来源:Nature

首先,研究人员对LC-SCRUM-Asia筛查中未发现致癌基因的NSCLC病例样本进行了全转录组测序(WTS),并在其中一位阳性样本中发现了CLIP1-LTK致癌基因融合。通过进一步的RT-PCR技术、Sanger法测序法,以及分解荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析,最终证实该患者的肿瘤中存在编码CLIP1-LTK蛋白的转录本。

图片
对CLIP1-LTK融合的鉴定(来源:Nature)

接下来,研究人员证明了CLIP1-LTK蛋白可以形成二聚体(即蛋白质二聚化),从而激活CLIP1-LTK激酶。为了进一步证实CLIP1-LTK在体内的转化活性,研究者将转染了模拟病毒、CLIP1、LTK、CLIP1-LTK、CLIP1-LTK(K1140M)(带有K1140M突变的CLIP1-LTK转导细胞,该细胞可使融合蛋白激酶失活)的NIH3T3细胞皮下注射到裸鼠侧壁。最终发现,只有注射了NIH3T3-CLIP1-LTK细胞的裸鼠长出了肿瘤,而注射NIH3T3- CLIP1-LTK(K1140M)细胞的小鼠并没有发生肿瘤。这些结果表明,CLIP1-LTK是通过激活其激酶而诱导肿瘤发生发展。

图片
CLIP1-LTK融合在体内的转化活性(来源:Nature)

得益于上述结果,寻找CLIP1-LTK蛋白的激酶抑制剂将会有临床治疗意义。研究人员应用7种ALK酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(LTK和ALK有近80%的同源性激酶结构域),发现lorlatinib的效果最好。用这一抑制剂处理表达CLIP1-LTK的Ba/f3细胞,可抑制CLIP1-LTK激酶的活性,继而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖并诱导凋亡。

最后,1例携带CLIP1-LTK的NSCLC患者接受了lorlatinib治疗,该患者两个月和5个月的随访CT图像显示原发肿瘤和多发转移肿瘤发生了迅速和实质性的萎缩,PET 图像显示所有的原发肿瘤和转移肿瘤在基线时对lorlatinib治疗都有应答。这一积极的临床反应表明携带 CLIP1-LTK的NSCLC患者可能是lorlatinib治疗的受益者。

图片
lorlatinib抑制CLIP1-LTK激酶活性,抑制肿瘤生长(来源:Nature)

总的来说,这项研究首次报道了LTK突变与致癌活性之间的关系,确定了CLIP1-LTK是NSCLC的一个新靶点,而且可以用lorlatinib治疗目前无法治疗的NSCLC患者。NSCLC的治疗迫切需要开发临床适用的分子靶向药物,未来也需要对这种新的致癌因子进行常规筛选和临床验证。

参考文献:

1 Hiroki Izumi, Shingo Matsumoto, Jie Liu, et al. The CLIP1-LTK fusion is an oncogenic driver in non-small-cell lung cancer. Nature (2021)

2 Mohammad-Javad Sanaei, Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi, Vahid KavehRecent, et al. Recent advances in immune checkpoint therapy in non-small cell lung cancer and opportunities for nanoparticle-based therapy. European Journal of Pharmacology(2021)

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    2022-02-13 医者仁者

    #劳拉替尼#似乎对少见靶点都有用

    0

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    2022-03-04 liye789132251
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    2021-12-13 lsndxfj
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    2021-12-12 病毒猎手

    #NSCLC#又一个新#靶点#!未来其它肿瘤也应该象NSCLC一样,不断有新靶点被发现

    0

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