Eur Heart J:抗衰老:耐力或高强度间歇运动

2018-12-02 佚名 中国生物技术网

一项研究发现,耐力运动,比如跑步、游泳、越野滑雪和骑自行车等,要比阻力运动能更好地对抗衰老,阻力运动通常指的是负重的力量运动。这项研究11月28日发表在《European Heart Journal》上。来自德国研究人员分析了耐力、高强度间歇和阻力运动这三种类型的运动对人体细胞衰老方式的影响。他们发现,耐力运动和高强度间歇运动都能延缓甚至是逆转细胞衰老,但阻力运动却无法实现。

一项研究发现,耐力运动,比如跑步、游泳、越野滑雪和骑自行车等,要比阻力运动能更好地对抗衰老,阻力运动通常指的是负重的力量运动。这项研究11月28日发表在《European Heart Journal》上。来自德国研究人员分析了耐力、高强度间歇和阻力运动这三种类型的运动对人体细胞衰老方式的影响。他们发现,耐力运动和高强度间歇运动都能延缓甚至是逆转细胞衰老,但阻力运动却无法实现。

人体每个细胞中都含有23对染色体,每对染色体都有四个端粒。端粒覆盖在染色体的末端,保护其不被降解或与临近的染色体融合,就像是鞋带末端的塑料头保护其不散开一样。随着年龄的增长,端粒会缩短,这是细胞衰老的一个重要分子机制。当端粒不再能保护染色体DNA时,会导致细胞死亡。端粒缩短的过程受几种蛋白质调节,其中一种是端粒酶,它可以抵消端粒缩短的过程,甚至可以增加端粒长度。

荧光探针下小鼠胸部主动脉薄切片的端粒染色成像。细胞核为蓝色,端粒是细胞核内的红点。荧光强度与端粒长度相关。红色曲线来自于弹性蛋白自体荧光

在这项新研究中,德国莱比锡大学Ulrich Laufs教授领导的这个研究团队招募了266名健康却缺乏运动的年轻志愿者,他们被随机分配接受6个月的耐力训练(持续跑步)、高强度间歇训练(热身,之后是四次交替的高强度跑步和慢跑,然后在慢跑过程中逐渐停止)或者阻力训练(在8台健身器械上循环训练,包括背部伸展、仰卧卷腹、坐式下拉、坐式划船、坐式屈腿伸展、坐式胸部按压和卧腿压),或者维持不变的生活方式作为对照组。

被随机分到三个运动组中的参与者们每周进行三次持续45分钟的运动,总共有124人完成了这项研究。研究人员分析了志愿者血液中白细胞的端粒长度和端粒酶活性,血液采集时间点为研究开始时和研究结束后的2至7天。

Laufs教授说:“我们发现,与研究开始时的对照组相比,进行耐力和高强度训练的志愿者中,端粒酶活性和端粒长度有所增加,这对细胞衰老、再生能力以及健康老龄化都有重要影响。有趣的是,阻力运动却并没有这种效果。”



与阻力训练组和对照组相比,耐力和高强度训练的志愿者的端粒酶活性上升了2至3倍,端粒长度也显著增加。

Laufs教授说:“这项研究确认了一种机制,耐力运动(而非阻力运动)能利用这种机制改善健康老龄化。在未来干预研究中,利用端粒长度作为“生物学年龄”的指标,可能有助于设计关于这个重要课题的研究。”

研究合著者、德国萨尔兰大学的Christian Werner博士说:“这项研究有几个启示:我们的数据支持欧洲心脏病学会目前的指南建议,即阻力运动应该是耐力运动的补充,而非相反。这些数据表明端粒酶活性和端粒长度是在细胞水平上测量不同运动形式影响的敏感方法。利用这些测量值来指导针对个人的训练建议,可以提高运动训练方案在预防血管疾病方面的依从性和有效性。”

过去的研究表明,端粒更长和端粒酶活性更高与健康老龄化之间存在关联。然而,这是第一项关于不同运动形式对这两个细胞衰老指标影响的前瞻性随机对照研究。

Laufs教授说:“体育运动是被广泛推荐的。然而,前瞻性随机对照研究非常罕见,因为这需要很大的精力,而且没有资金来源。与大型药物试验相比,我们研究的参与者数量可能显得较少,然而,据我们所知,这是目前最大型的随机研究,将明确定义的训练方式与对照组进行比较,并且持续时间为6个月。我们希望这项研究能促进这一领域的确认和更深入的研究。”

关于耐力和高强度运动能增加端粒长度和端粒酶活性的原因,一种可能的机制是这些运动形式会影响血管中一氧化氮的水平,促使细胞发生变化。

Werner博士说:“从进化的角度来看,耐力和高强度运动相比于力量运动能更好地模拟我们祖先的有益旅行以及‘战斗还是逃跑’行为。”

该研究的局限性包括参与者人数较少,尽管它已经是此类前瞻性随机对照实验中最大型的,而且在研究中规定的训练课程之外,志愿者还可以参与其他形式的运动,但是这种情况会出现在所有的组中,也包括对照组。

纽卡斯尔大学和纽卡斯尔Freeman医院的Konstantinos Stellos教授和Ioakim Spyridopoulos教授没有参与这项研究,他们在评论中写道,目前并没有证据表明端粒酶维持端粒长度的作用对于心血管疾病的发生有影响,除了可能会对心衰有影响。当然,端粒缩短的加快可能是氧化应激增强和细胞更替加快的迹象,这与端粒酶活性下降的结果一致。然而,端粒酶能够提升一氧化氮水平,降低氧化应激,从而减少细胞DNA的破坏并减少细胞死亡,这对于延缓血管被脂肪沉积阻塞是非常重要的。他们得出结论,Werner博士和Laufs教授的研究成果,明确强调了有氧耐力运动比阻力运动对防止心血管老化更加有益。

原始出处:
Konstantinos Stellos, oakim Spyridopoulos, et al. Exercise, telomerase activity, and cardiovascular disease prevention. European Heart Journal. Nov 2018.

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    2018-12-04 zhaojie88
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    2018-12-04 slcumt
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    2018-12-04 aids219
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    2018-12-02 lietome2

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。

    0

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    2018-12-02 flysky120

    抗衰老,希望能有疗效

    0

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