Eur Heart J:近50万人数据表明,长期低碳水饮食与全因死亡风险增加32%,心血管死亡风险增加50%有关

2019-05-14 奇点糕 奇点网

研究人员对美国国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES,1999-2010)中的24825名志愿者进行了平均6.4年的随访,发现碳水化合物摄入量最低的一组志愿者的死亡风险与最高的一组相比,增加了32%,心、脑血管死亡风险分别增加50%!而且,与肥胖群体相比,非肥胖群体低碳水饮食与死亡风险之间的关联要更强。

此刻,坐在办公室里写稿的奇点糕还是无法相信,五一假期居然这么快就过完了,为了减轻祖国母亲节假日期间的交通压力,奇点糕在家里猫了4天,每天吃喝躺,真是好开心。但是上班一出门,嚯!好热!夏天了!露大腿的日子要来了!emmmm,那最近在吃上面还是节制一些吧......

讲真,不管是男生还是女生,不管胖还是不胖,通过饮食上的克制来维持身材都是再正常不过的了。不过,有些饮食方式到底健不健康还是很有争议的,比如这些年很火的低碳水饮食。从短期上看,它可以帮助降低体重,改善代谢,但是长期的安全性如何还是不太确定的。

而最新的一项大型分析研究表明,长期低碳水饮食与死亡风险增加是存在显着的相关性的!

研究人员对美国国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES,1999-2010)中的24825名志愿者进行了平均6.4年的随访,发现碳水化合物摄入量最低的一组志愿者的死亡风险与最高的一组相比,增加了32%,心、脑血管死亡风险分别增加50%!而且,与肥胖群体相比,非肥胖群体低碳水饮食与死亡风险之间的关联要更强。

研究人员还对9项前瞻性队列研究的数据进行了汇总,共包括462934名志愿者,平均随访16.1年,他们的分析结果同样表明,低碳水饮食与死亡风险之间存在正向相关的关系。这项研究发表在European Heart Journal上,通讯作者是来自中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所的Mohsen Mazidi博士。

在NHANES队列中,研究人员将志愿者按照碳水化合物摄入,由多至少分为四组(Q1-Q4),四组的碳水化合物摄入分别占一天全部热量的66%、57%、49%和39%(按照美国的膳食指南建议,每日碳水化合物应占全部热量的45%-65%,中国则为55%-65%)。

在随访的过程中,共有3432例死亡,其中有827例死因是癌症,709例是血管疾病,228例是脑血管疾病。研究人员分别计算了总死亡和不同原因的死亡与低碳水饮食之间的关系。

与Q1组相比,Q2、Q3和Q4组志愿者全因死亡风险是逐渐增加的,其中最高的就是Q4组,风险增加了42%!另外两组分别为11%和23%。在调整了一些影响因素后,虽然风险有所下降,但是它们的关联仍然是显着的,Q4组仍有32%的增加,另外两组则为9%和19%。


Q1-Q4随时间全因死亡率的变化和风险比(图中小图)

全因死亡风险的分析结果可以说是不太理想,而亚组中对不同病因死亡风险的分析也同样令人失望。与Q1组相比,Q4组心血管死亡风险增加50%,脑血管死亡风险增加51%,癌症死亡风险增加36%!

按照一般经验来说,保持低碳水饮食的大多还是为了减肥,研究人员也对志愿者中的肥胖(BMI≥30kg/m2)和非肥胖(BMI<30 kg/m2)群体分别进行了分析。他们发现,非肥胖群体低碳水饮食与全因死亡风险的关联更强,风险增加更多(Q2:2% vs. 13%;Q3:11% vs. 25%;Q4:19% vs. 48%)。


图片来源:pixabay

除了NHANES队列研究之外,研究人员还对其他9项有关低碳水饮食的前瞻性队列研究进行了分析,包括462934名志愿者,随访时间从4.9年到29年不等,共有45609例死亡。

分析结果表明,低碳水饮食和总死亡率之间确实存在显着相关性(RR=1.22,RR是变量因素暴露组的发生率或死亡率与变量因素非暴露组的发生率或死亡率的比值,用来表示变量因素与结果的关联强度,在这个分析中,变量因素是低碳水饮食,结果则是全因死亡),与NHANES的分析结果基本是一致的。

至于为什么低碳水饮食与死亡风险增加有关,研究人员也给出了自己的猜测,例如,富含膳食纤维的谷物和蔬菜等摄入减少,以及为了弥补碳水化合物热量减少而多摄入动物蛋白、胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸,这些都是心血管疾病的潜在风险因素。

另外,也有其他研究认为可能与生物活性成分有关,像是特殊的游离脂肪酸、蛋白质、膳食纤维、矿物质、维生素和植物化学物质。

总的来说,这项研究清楚地表明,长期的低碳水饮食与全因死亡风险增加和心血管、脑血管以及癌症导致的死亡风险增加都是有关的。虽然这只是一项相关性研究,有一定的局限性,但是它仍然提示我们,低碳水饮食或许不适合作为一种长期的习惯去坚持。未来,我们还需要更大型、更详细的研究来对低碳水饮食的长期影响进行验证。

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    2019-05-15 zhaojie88
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    2019-05-15 slcumt
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    2019-05-15 145c1c7dm36暂无昵称

    美国低碳水饮食的人群,是不是更多的高脂饮食呢?

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1648867, encodeId=c815164886e3f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93c329333df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全因死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29333, encryptionId=93c329333df, topicName=全因死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bd6423693740, createdName=lxg959, createdTime=Sat Mar 28 03:19:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255857, encodeId=78df125585e1d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63390, encryptionId=587f6339050, topicName=死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Wed May 15 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357188, encodeId=7021135e18814, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed May 15 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554201, encodeId=bd751554201af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab025182080' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心血管死亡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51820, encryptionId=ab025182080, topicName=心血管死亡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0fb814514579, createdName=huperzia, createdTime=Wed May 15 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1563097, encodeId=3bcf156309edd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Wed May 15 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1629871, encodeId=0fbb16298e146, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a913518225e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心血管死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51822, encryptionId=a913518225e, topicName=心血管死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e76421361831, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Wed May 15 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366247, encodeId=2bcd36624ee0, content=美国低碳水饮食的人群,是不是更多的高脂饮食呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=80aa5085800, createdName=145c1c7dm36暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed May 15 08:45:21 CST 2019, time=2019-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366197, encodeId=cab936619eaa, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue May 14 07:38:11 CST 2019, time=2019-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-05-14 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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