Nat Biotechnol:通过代谢工程为细胞疗法提供一种新型的安全关闭开关

2020-07-25 EMILY LEE 细胞

在这篇论文中,与斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员合作,展示了为为各种类型的细胞疗法开发出一种新型的安全“关闭”开关,当观察到严重的副作用时,利用这种安全开关就可能让医生减轻这些副作用。

开发新型的基于营养物的控制开关以解决与细胞疗法相关的安全问题,近期宣布完成了一项基础性研究。相关研究结果于2020年7月13日在线发表Nature Biotechnology期刊上,论文标题为“Metabolic engineering generates a transgene-free safety switch for cell therapy”。在这篇论文中,与斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员合作,展示了为为各种类型的细胞疗法开发出一种新型的安全“关闭”开关,当观察到严重的副作用时,利用这种安全开关就可能让医生减轻这些副作用。论文通讯作者为斯坦福大学医学院儿科教授Matthew Porteus博士。论文第一作者为斯坦福大学医学院博士后研究员Volker Wiebking博士。


这种关闭开关的工作原理是通过敲除细胞中的特定基因,从而使得细胞对特定营养物产生依赖才能生存下去。在实践中,患者会在细胞治疗的同时服用特定的营养物。如果出现严重的副作用,就会停止服用这种营养物,从而耗尽体内的治疗性细胞,减少或停止副作用。


论文共同作者、Auxolytic创始人James Patterson博士说,“细胞疗法已经成为治疗许多疾病的突破口,但每种类型的细胞疗法都与潜在的非常严重的不良事件有关,这限制了可以受益的患者数量,通常只用于病情严重或经过大量预先治疗的患者群体。鉴于这些挑战,我们相信我们开发控制开关的方法可能代表一种全新的方式来提高细胞治疗的安全性,同时又不会牺牲原始细胞的完整性。我们期待着与推进突破性细胞疗法的公司合作,以改进他们的产品,并扩大能够从中受益的患者数量。”


虽然科学家们已经为细胞疗法提出了一些保障措施,但目前所有可用的方案都依赖于在细胞中引入外源基因。由于免疫原性或外源基因沉默,这限制了它们的应用。现有的保障措施还通过引入额外的遗传物质来加剧细胞的不稳定性。在这项新的研究中,这些研究人员介绍了他们在多能性细胞和原代人T细胞中使用基因组编辑方法,破坏尿苷单磷酸合酶(monophosphate synthase, UMPS)的功能,其中UMPS是天然合成营养物尿苷的基因。这些经过编辑破坏UMPS基因的细胞的增殖依赖于外源性尿苷的输送,这就使得能够通过调节尿苷的供应来实现对它们生长的控制。


在异种移植模型中,这些研究人员测试了经过编辑后需要尿苷的细胞疗法和多能性干细胞。实验数据表明,当停止尿苷给送时,这些细胞在一周内失去活性,无法增殖。


为了测试这种方法是否能避免移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),这些研究人员在添加尿苷和不添加尿苷的情况下测试了用经过编辑破坏UMPS基因的T细胞处理的小鼠,并证实在没有接受尿苷的小鼠中,这些细胞无法存活,也没有出现GVHD。


这项研究表明UMPS途径的性质使得制造过程能够产生100%一致性的依赖于外源性尿苷生存的细胞产品,包括CAR-T细胞。


Patterson博士继续说道,“有几种方法可以开发用于细胞疗法的合成控制开关,其中的一些方法已经实现了对严重副作用的控制。然而,所有的这些方法都需要在细胞中引入新的遗传物质,这与潜在的免疫原性、细胞因遗传不稳定而逃避控制开关并保持活性以及制造问题有关。我们应用了营养缺陷(auxotrophy)原理,即有机体经改造后无法合成它们的生存所需的化合物的原理,能够成功地制造出依赖外部提供的营养物才能生存的人类细胞。我们相信,这种方法可能成功地扩大突破性细胞疗法的实用性,减轻一些风险。”

 

原始出处:

Volker Wiebking 1, James O Patterson 2, Renata Martin 1, et al.Metabolic engineering generates a transgene-free safety switch for cell therapy.Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Jul 13. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0580-6.

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    2020-08-20 cathymary
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    2020-11-04 shock_melon
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    2021-04-30 智慧医人
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    2020-07-28 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2021-04-01 liye789132251

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