Trends Cell Biol:数学能够更好地治疗癌症吗?

2019-11-02 佚名 细胞

生物个体的生存与发展离不开细胞感知并正确响应其环境的能力。细胞通过称为“信号通路”的化学信号系统进行通信,进而协调细胞活性。但是,信息处理能力的损伤可能会导致细胞无法正确感知其环境,这也是导致癌症发展的可能原因之一。为了更好地了解信息传输过程的受损如何影响患病细胞的活动,瑞士日内瓦大学(UNIGE)的研究人员提议根据信息理论检查细胞通信状况。

生物个体的生存与发展离不开细胞感知并正确响应其环境的能力。细胞通过称为“信号通路”的化学信号系统进行通信,进而协调细胞活性。但是,信息处理能力的损伤可能会导致细胞无法正确感知其环境,这也是导致癌症发展的可能原因之一。为了更好地了解信息传输过程的受损如何影响患病细胞的活动,瑞士日内瓦大学(UNIGE)的研究人员提议根据信息理论检查细胞通信状况。

众所周知,信息理论并非生物学领域的概念,而是计算机科学中更常用的数学理论。这项在《Trends in Cell Biology》杂志上发表的文章为肿瘤学研究提供了一种全新的方法。

文章作者,来自UNIGE医学院肿瘤血液学转化研究所的研究员Karolina Zieliska说:“从某种意义上说,癌症可以看作是一种信号紊乱疾病。然而,尽管我们已经知道过度激活或激活不足的信号通路具有致癌作用,其内在确切的机制仍然十分神秘。”实际上,针对细胞如何根据它们感知到的信息做出决策, Vladimir Katanaev认为目前还无法用生物学手段解释。

信息论是以概率论为基础的一门理论。它的主要概念称为‘熵’,旨在测量随机变量的不确定性。“例如,如果我们抛硬币,硬币可能会随机落在正面或反面,因此结果是不确定的。现在想象一个硬币,它具有两个相同的面,那么抛掷的结果一定是确定的,此时熵为零。因此,熵可以用于评估随机通信的不确定性的程度。当应用于信号传递领域时,熵表示接收方明确确定上游传输内容所必需的信息量。”

将信息理论应用于细胞信号传递,可以研究细胞如何处理其从环境中接收的信息。当细胞从其环境接收刺激(信息)时,细胞可以处理哪些信息集中而不会出错?知道了细胞的反应后,我们可以区分不同的刺激来评估哪个刺激触发了这种特定的反应吗?事实上,这些问题在癌症领域至关重要。因为癌细胞可能因为无法处理来自环境以及健康细胞的信息,并且在不没有收到合适信息时开始增殖和分裂。

如今,研究人员将通过研究乳腺癌肺癌细胞如何处理其周围环境的信息来测试其方法的有效性。实际上,目前的治疗通常旨在消除癌细胞中某些信号传导途径,这种方法往往伴随一定的副作用。Vladimir Katanaev表示:“我们提出的新方法并非旨在关闭信号通路,而是旨在恢复其正常活动。通过将纯数学概念应用于生物学,我们希望识别出需要纠正的信息传输故障。”

原始出处:
Zielinska KA1, Katanaev VL2.Information Theory: New Look at Oncogenic Signaling Pathways.Trends Cell Biol. 2019 Nov;29(11):862-875. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.08.005. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

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    2020-02-14 freve
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    2020-09-22 sunylz
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    2020-06-09 维他命
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